22-07-2013, 04:44 PM
100 watt power saver inverter with retro LED lamp
INTRODUCTION:-
The project entitled 100 watt power saver inverter with retro led lamp is made using a 12
volt spare battery of a car or bike is basically a power saver inverter which is capable of
producing 240 volts, 50 hertz alternating current (ac) supply. This 100 watt power saver inverter
with retro led lamp project is intended for serving common house hold applications, designed
especially for the remote areas because of its low cost and easy portability. The best part of this
inverter is that it is being implemented using easily available electronic spares, which helps in
reducing its manufacturing cost and making it easily affordable for the poor people in remote
areas.
This 100 watt power saver inverter with retro led lamp is different from traditional inverters in a
way that this inverter along with charging circuit is equipped with a battery charger indicator
which will indicate the amount of battery charged using low power consuming LEDs of different
colors.
REVIEW OF LITRATURE:
In the today’s era of science and technology where the developed countries are planning for the
new earth and searching for the life in outside universe INDIA is still struggling hard for the
electric power supplies.
Till 2010 still there were over 300million people who were deprived of electricity and of those
who do get, almost find electricity supply intermittent and unreliable. In INDIA traditional fuel
combustion is still the primary source of the power generation which causes air pollution
resulting 300000 to 400000 deaths per year due to unavailability and intermittent power supply.
To solve this unavailability of power supply there was a need of device which could store the
electricity that too by converting an AC to DC. So the stored energy can be used whenever there
is a disrupted power supply.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
In the scope of this project, the DC - AC inversion stage will be most critical as it forms the back
bone of any inverter circuit. A good battery bank is essent ial for proper operation of
inverters. This project is scoped for the stable DC supply to work which will be further
converted to alternating current using an IC but it will have to cope with other issues such as
reactive power correction and maintain a good level of voltage regulation, cost efficiency and
most important the portability of the project. For this reason IC-CD4047has been incorporated
into the system. This whole project is expected to be completed into software (P-spice, circuit
maker, MULTISIM) depending on the availability of the components into the software initially
for the verification of circuit connections.
After implementation of the project on to the software this project is most likely to be
implemented on the hardware using zero circuit board and various components, all the
components will be soldered on to the zero circuit board, this whole soldering of the project will
be solely done by the three group members. This project will be implemented on to hardware
only under the guidance of our mentor and after complete verification as there is lots of risk
involved in the hard ware implementation.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The basic objective of designing any device should be reliability, affordability and accessibility
and to meet the above requirement we analyzed the task for which the project was needed and
hence the blueprint and algorithm were designed accordingly.
And the objective of this project is to make electricity accessible in the electricity deprived
remote areas of India, where the supply of electricity is intermittent and we know that out of the
whole population of our country about 33% is poverty stroked. And so the cost of designing any
device should be kept in mind. And so we enquired for the spare parts of the electronic
component, and going to use the same in our device.
The battery which is going to be the secondary source of this inverter will be from the car and
motor bikes. The heat sink for the LED driver will be from the old CPU of any computer. And
the bottom part of the lamp which will be fitted in the holder will also be from the broken or
fused CFL lamp.
EXPECTED OUTCOME OF THE STUDY :-
This whole 100 watt inverter with retro LED lamp is designed for meeting the needs of the
people living in the rural areas of INDIA where very less or negligible amount of electricity is
made available to the population living there. So as per the blue print of this project this inverter
will be able to provide 240 volts of ac supply whenever there is power cut. In the meanwhile if
this inverter is implemented successfully then as per the decided circuitry the first part of the
inverter which is a simple 240volts AC supply will provide the power for the battery to be
charged. In the next part of the project there is simple rectifier circuit which is expected to
provide DC at its output, this DC output can have few fluctuations or can have few ripples as it
may or may not be the perfect DC. The output provided by the rectifier is most likely to be a
fluctuating DC, but with a use of an IC (integrated circuit) which will act as a voltage regulator is
more likely expected to provide more ripple free DC. At the next part of the inverter there is
battery charger circuit which will charge the battery and in the next part we have the battery level
indicator which is expected to show the amount of the battery charged at output. This output
could be easily understood to any lay man also because this battery level indicator will show
amount of battery charged with simply different coloured LEDs. This inverter is expected to
have an auto cut circuit which will prevent the battery from being over charged. In the later part
of the project we have inverter circuit which will draw DC power from battery in the absence of
the power supply and will convert this DC from battery into the AC supply of 240 volts with 50
Hertz frequency
VOLT BATTERY
The battery we will be using will be a lead acid battery, which are normally used either in bikes
or cars. Lead-acid batteries store energy using a reversible chemical reaction between lead plates
and dilute sulphuric acid (electrolyte). There are three basic types of lead acid battery - starter
batteries: used to start engines in cars etc, deep-cycle batteries: used in renewable energy
applications and camping etc, and marine batteries: used both for starting and for deep cycle
applications.
Inside a Lead Acid Battery
A 12 volt lead acid battery is actually made up of six identical 2 volt cells. Each cell contains
lead plates of different compositions sitting in dilute sulphuric acid. Lead dioxide plates (linked
to the positive terminal of the battery) react with the acid to form lead sulphate giving up
electrons (leaving the plate positive). The pure lead plates (linked to the negative terminal of the
battery) react with the sulphate ions to also form lead sulphate. The pure lead plates therefore
supply two positive charges and so are left negative. The passage of electrons from the lead
oxide plates to the pure lead plates is the current of electricity generated by the cell which can be
used.
When the battery is recharged, the lead sulphate in each cell is broken down resulting in lead
dioxide being re-deposited on the positive electrode, and lead being replaced on the negative
electrode. When batteries are frequently deeply discharged then sulphation build up occurs.
Sulphur molecules from the battery acid (electrolyte) start to coat the lead of the plates. Once the
lead is covered in sulphur the battery is dead and cannot be recharged.