04-03-2012, 12:01 PM
really its very helpfull,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,which makes knowledgfull ano topic for electronics people
04-03-2012, 12:01 PM
really its very helpfull,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,which makes knowledgfull ano topic for electronics people
04-03-2012, 05:31 PM
to give the seminar in my college i need your material so please send me to my email . send me pdf manojkumar.guts[at]gmail.com
05-03-2012, 11:24 AM
to get information about the topic 4g technology full report ppt and related topic refer the link bellow
https://seminarproject.net/Thread-4g-tec...nar-report https://seminarproject.net/Thread-4g-wir...ull-report https://seminarproject.net/Thread-4g-tec...ort?page=2 https://seminarproject.net/Thread-4g-tec...ort?page=3
08-01-2013, 10:50 AM
A SEMINAR REPORT ON 4G TECHNOLOGY
A SEMINAR REPORT.pdf (Size: 7.71 MB / Downloads: 309) ABSTRACT The fourth generation of mobile networks will truly turn the current mobile phone networks, in to end to end IP based networks, couple this with the arrival of IPv6, every device in the world will have a unique IP address, which will allow full IP based communications from a mobile device, right to the core of the internet, and back out again. If 4G is implemented correctly, it will truly harmonize global roaming, super high speed connectivity, and transparent end user performance on every mobile communications device in the world. 4G is set to deliver 100mbps to a roaming mobile device globally, and up to 1gbps to a stationary device. With this in mind, it allows for video conferencing, streaming picture perfect video and much more. It won’t be just the phone networks that need to evolve, the increased traffic load on the internet as a whole (imagine having 1 billion 100mb nodes attached to a network over night) will need to expand, with faster backbones and oceanic links requiring major upgrade. 4G won’t happen overnight, it is estimated that it will be implemented by 2012, and if done correctly, should take off rather quickly. 4G networks i.e. Next Generation Networks (NGNs) are becoming fast and very cost-effective solutions for those wanting an IP built high-speed data capacities in the mobile network. Some possible standards for the 4G system are 802.20, WiMAX (802.16), HSDPA, TDD UMTS, UMTS and future versions of UMTS. The design is that 4G will be based on OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing), which is the key enabler of 4G technology. INTRODUCTION 4G (also known as Beyond 3G), an abbreviation for Fourth-Generation, is a term used to describe the next complete evolution in wireless communications. A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be given to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and at higher data rates than previous generations. The approaching 4G (fourth generation) mobile communication systems are projected to solve still-remaining problems of 3G (third generation) systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The term 4G is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. One of the terms used to describe 4G is MAGIC-Mobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, integrated wireless solution, and customized personal service. As a promise for the future, 4G systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The 4G systems not only will support the next generation of mobile service, but also will support the fixed wireless networks. HISTORY At the end of the 1940’s, the first radio telephone service was introduced, and was designed to users in cars to the public land-line based telephone network. Then, in the sixties, a system launched by Bell Systems, called IMTS, or, “Improved Mobile Telephone Service", brought quite a few improvements such as direct dialing and more bandwidth. The very first analog systems were based upon IMTS and were created in the late 60s and early 70s. The systems were called "cellular" because large coverage areas were split into smaller areas or "cells", each cell is served by a low power transmitter and receiver. The 1G or First Generation was an analog system, and was developed in the seventies, 1G had two major improvements, this was the invention of the microprocessor, and the digital transform of the control link between the phone and the cell site. Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was first launched by the US and is a 1G mobile system. Based on FDMA, it allows users to make voice calls in 1 country. 2G, or Second Generation 2G first appeared around the end of the 1980’s, the 2G system digitized the voice signal, as well as the control link. This new digital system gave a lot better quality and much more capacity (i.e. more people could use their phones at the same time), all at a lower cost to the end consumer. Based on TDMA, the first commercial network for use by the public was the Global system for mobile communication (GSM). 3G, or Third Generation 3G systems promise faster communications services, entailing voice, fax and Internet data transfer capabilities, the aim of 3G are to provide these services anytime, anywhere throughout the globe, with seamless roaming between standards. ITU’s IMT-2000 is a global standard for 3G and has opened new doors to enabling innovative services and application for instance, multimedia entertainment, and location-based services, as well as a whole lot more. In 2001, Japan saw the first 3G network launched. 3G technology supports around 144 Kbps, with high speed movement, i.e. in a vehicle. 384Kbps locally, and upto 2Mbps for fixed stations, i.e. in a building. What is 4G? Fourth generation (4G) wireless was originally conceived by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the same organization that developed the wired Internet. It is not surprising, then, that DARPA chose the same distributed architecture for the wireless Internet that had proven so successful in the wired Internet. Although experts and policymakers have yet to agree on all the aspects of 4G wireless, two characteristics have emerged as all but certain components of 4G: end-to-end Internet Protocol (IP), and peer-to-peer networking. An all IP network makes sense because consumers will want to use the same data applications they are used to in wired networks. A peer-to-peer network, where every device is both a transceiver and a router/repeater for other devices in the network, eliminates this spoke-and-hub weakness of cellular architectures, because the elimination of a single node does not disable the network. The final definition of “4G” will have to include something as simple as this: if a consumer can do it at home or in the office while wired to the Internet, that consumer must be able to do it wirelessly in a fully mobile environment. Two Planes: Functional Decomposition Noting that an IP network element (such as a router) comprises of numerous functional components that cooperate to provide such desired service (such as, mobility, QoS and/or AAA – Authentication, Authorization and Accounting), we identify these components in the SeaSoS architecture into two planes, namely the control plane and the data plane. Fig. 5 illustrates this method of flexible functional composition in 4G networks. As we are mainly concerned with network elements effectively at the network layer, we do not show a whole end-to-end communication picture through a whole OSI or TCP/IP stack. The control plane performs control related actions such as AAA, MIP registration, QoS signaling, installation/maintenance of traffic selectors and security associations, etc., while the data plane is responsible for data traffic behaviors (such as classification, scheduling and forwarding) for endto- end traffic flows. Some components located in the control plane interact, through installing and maintaining certain control states for data plane, with data plane components in some network elements, such as access routers (ARs), IntServ nodes or DiffServ edge routers. However, not all control plane components need to exist in all network elements, and also not all network elements (e.g., AAA server) are involved with data plane functionalities. |
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