17-05-2013, 03:24 PM
A PAPER ON AUTOMATING POWER DISTRIBUTION
AUTOMATING POWER.doc (Size: 76.5 KB / Downloads: 38)
ABSTRACT:-
Electric power distribution system is an important part of electrical power Systems in delivering power to the consumers. With the focus shifting to offshore software development, the demand – supply gap in power is expected to grow by atleast 20 percent, with no significant generating capacity coming up in the country. The trend is expected to continue in the near future. The losses in the distribution side are significantly high (for e.g. in Andhra Pradesh Transmission and distribution losses 22% , Tamilanadu – 22% Bihar – 48% , Jammu and Kashmir 65%). The statistics mentioned in the given example clearly shows complete picture of inefficient distribution networks in India. In other countries also the distribution systems are facing the same problem.
Therefore, research and development activities world wide are being carried out to automate the electric power distribution system utilizing recent advancement in the area of information technology (IT) and data communication system. The new millennium has leapfrogged into a revolution in networking and communication technologies to offer automation as a solution to improve distribution efficiencies.
This paper presents, the need of the Automation in the distribution system, speciality of the Automation scheme. The hardware in installation required to have automation scheme, Distribution SCADA system.
This paper reports, Automation system growth in India It also present the scope of the future development in automation system.
INTRODUCTION;
An electric power system consists of three principal components: the Generation, Transmission and Distribution Systems. The transmission lines are the connecting link between the power station and the distribution systems. A Distribution system connects all the individual loads in a given locality to the transmission lines. Electric power distribution is an important part of electrical power systems in delivery of electricity to consumers.
Electrical utilities, all around the world have realized the problems associated with conventional electric power systems and therefore they are moving towards unbundled model of generation companies (GENCOs), transmission companies (TRANSCOs), Distribution companies (DISCOs),Energy Service Companies (ESCO`s). In the past all electric power distribution related functions could be transparently coordinated along the complete supply chain. In the future, many distribution companies will manage third party contact by delivering bulk power from GENCOS and TRANSCOS to meters owned by ESCOS.
In addition, the social pricing for rural and other sectors puts an increasing pressure on utilities to improve productivity and also reduce operating and maintenance costs to remain financially viable.
It is thus imperative (urgent) that power utilities look at increasing efficiencies in distribution networks, which have among the highest transmission and distribution losses in the world at upwards of 30 percent.
NEED TO AUTOMATE :
India`s total power generation is 1,20,000 MW.Out of these total power generation 30 to 40 percent are wasted in the form of losses. That means India’s per capita power consumption is 735 KWH/anum which is lagging behind by another countries like USA 4000 KWHr/anum and Sweden 12000 KWHr/anum.
So, our main task is to reduce the losses and give quality and reliable supply to our consumers. But if we look at a glance, the major losses are occurring at distribution side. And also our electrical companies are now not in a position to assure customers that they will provide continue and reliable power supply.
SPECIALITY OF THE SCHEME:
Distribution Automation functions provide a means to more effectively manage minute by minute continuous operation of a distribution system. D.A. provides a tool to achieve a maximum utilization of the utility`s physical plant and to provide the highest quality of service to the customers. Obviously, both the utility and its customers are beneficiaries of successful Distribution Automation.
Distribution Automation systems are modular hence they may be implemented in stages commencing from a modest degree of capability and complexity and growing as necessary to achieve tangible and intangible economic benefits. For example, utility may start with a limited capability SCADA system for substation monitoring and control, extend this to the feeders and finally implement a complete integration of automation functions. This is the speciality of this scheme.
INSTALLATION OF THE SCHEME:
In the conventional distribution system the abnormal conditions are detected manually which cost lots of time and money to both consumers and power industry. In order to maintain high service quality and reliability and minimize loss in revenues, automation is required Automation may be applied to the power distribution system so that problems on the distribution network may be detected and operated upon so as to minimize the outage time.
FUNCTIONNING:
Bus voltages and frequencies, line loading, transformer loading, power factor, real and reactive power flow temperature etc are the basic variables related with substation control and instrumentation. The various supervision, control and protection functions are performed in the substation control room. The relays, protection and control panels are installed in the controlled room. These panels along with `pc` aids in automatic operation of various circuit breakers, tap changers, auto reclosers, sectionalizing switches and other devices during faults and abnormal condition.
FEEDER AUTOMATION:
Automating the fault diagnosis and supply restoration process significantly reduces the duration of service interruptions. The key objective behind automating the service restoration process is to restore supply to maximum loads in out of service zones. This is achieved by reconfiguring the network such that the constraints of the network are not violated. Providing timely restoration of supply to outage areas of the feeder enhances the value of service to customers and retains the revenue for power industry.
PRESENT STATUS IN INDIA:
In India, a small beginning has been made by a few state utilizes (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Kerala, Tamilnadu and Rajasthan), which are confining themselves initially to the automation of 33 kv substations.
Electronics Research and Development (ERDC) in Trivandrum and Computer Maintenance Corporation (CMC) in Hyderabad are involved in these early experimental projects.APTRASCO, in Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu electricity board have undertaken to develop and install distribution Automation for Hyderabad and Chennai Cities.The Chennai City distribution system covers over 95 stations spread over in Chennai. The system, executed by ABB, has been operational since November 2000 and was implemented at a cost of Rs.19.2 crore.The Hyderabad Installation integrates SCADA with DMS function for effective monitoring and control of the electricity distribution network for the twin cities of Hyderabad and Secunderabad spread over an area of 1500 sq km, the network comprises about 110, 33/11KV substation, serving over a million of consumers.
CONCLUSIONS:
1. Even the cost of installation is high, the benefits with DA are quite viable, the investments will be return back within a short span with good profits.
2. The implementation of OFC broad band network by ASPs in different cities can help the utilities to use it for automating distribution.
3. Automation will completely change the present condition of distribution networks to dynamic and energetic networks to provide many solutions conventional distribution system problems.
4. National wide projects should be undertaken to atomize distribution system because of the cost factor.
5. Quite of few of the state electricity boards and most of the newly formed distribution companies are increasingly looking at SCADA to provide solutions ensuring efficient distribution of power across their territories, despite financial and communications infrastructure constraints.