19-03-2014, 04:57 PM
A PROJECT REPORT ON DESIGN OF THREE WHEELED ELECTRIC CAR EL3CT
ABSTRACT
Electric vehicle are very popular in this 21 st century as people are getting aware of how they
are cheaper than internal combustion engines. Electric vehicles are quiet, environment
friendly and as more and more people are aware of global warming and the carbon emission
causing harm to the environment so people are heading towards electric vehicle and the best
example in our country is REVA ELECTRIC CAR & YO BIKES which are smart, trendy and
making way towards automobile sector.
So keeping that in mind we have designed electric vehicle which is known as el3ct, where
three stands for 3 wheeled car. This model works on 24 volt dc motor powered by two 180
amph battery supply and can carry two people at a time. The design is not conventional as
the rear end of automobile has only one wheel, this unique design change has been done to
reduce weight, reduce cost and give the vehicle a spectacular look. The front part however
has two wheels. The drive is of front wheel, in which the motor drives the gear box with the
help of v belt and pulley arrangement
HISTORY
Electric motive power started with a small railway operated by a miniature electric motor,
built by Thomas Davenport in 1835. In 1838, a Scotsman named Robert Davidson built an
electric locomotive that attained a speed of four miles per hour (6 km/h).
Electric vehicles were among the earliest automobiles, and before the preeminence of light,
powerful internal combustion engines, electric automobiles held many vehicle land speed and
distance records in the early 1900s. They were produced by Baker Electric, Columbia Electric,
Detroit Electric, and others, and at one point in history out-sold gasoline-powered vehicles.
In January 1990, General Motors' President introduced its EV concept two-seater, the
"Impact," at the Los Angeles Auto Show. That September, the California Air Resources Board
mandated major-automaker sales of EVs, in phases starting in 1998. From 1996 to 1998 GM
produced 1117 EV1s, 800 of which were made available through three-year leases. With
increasing prices of gasoline, electric vehicles are hitting the mainstream.Major car makers,
such as Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corp., General Motors Corp., Renault SA, Peugeot-Citroen,
VW, Nissan and Mitsubishi Corp., are developing new-generation electric vehicles.
DESIGN
This is the model of our design made on 3d max software. the design is different from what
you may see in a conventional automobile because it has 3 wheels in which two wheels are at
front and one large broad wheel at the back. The drive is front wheel drive which transmit the
power from dc motor which is coupled to a four speed gear box with the help of v belt and
pulley and then finally it drives the front wheel with the help of independent axels.
It has the capacity of carrying two people at a time and the speed is controlled by a
RHEOSTAT which regulates the amount of current flowing from the battery to the motor and
gives required amount of acceleration.
The rear wheel assembly has a swing arm with mono suspension, the suspension is supported
between the base of the swing arm and the upper part of chassis.
[b]Torsion bars
Basic Vehicle Dynamics[/b]
Vehicles often experience "roll" while turning or during an increase in the camber of road. A
vehicle's speed, height, center of gravity and weight are a few factors affecting to what
degree it will experience roll. Minimizing roll and maintaining stability are critical to both
performance and safety. A vehicle's shocks and springs, or struts, largely counteract vertical
forces. These suspension components, alone, are not best suited to counteract a vehicle's roll
or sway.
Common Names or Referenecs
Anti-rolls bars are often referred to as sway bars, stabilizers or roll bars. Anti -roll bars should
not be confused with "roll bars" that are installed in race or street cars and largely consist of
steel tubing bent and welded to form a protective cage for a driver.
SUSPENSION
The MacPherson strut is a type of car suspension system which uses the axis of a telescopic
damper as the upper steering pivot, widely used in modern vehicles and named after Earle S.
MacPherson who developed the design, based in part on designs created by Guido Fornaca of
FIAT in the mid-1920s.[1] It is possible the MacPherson was inspired by the suspension on the
French Cottin-Desgouttes that used the same design, but with leaf springs. Cottin-Desgouttes
front suspension was in turn inspired by Walter Chrisies 1904 design and he was inspired by
plants.
The first car to feature MacPherson struts was the 1949 Ford Vedette,[3] and it was also
adopted in the 1951 Ford Consul and later Zephyr. MacPherson originally created the design
for use at all four wheels, but production applications used it only for the front suspension,
where it provides a steering pivot (kingpin) as well as a suspension mounting for the wheel.
In 1957 Colin Chapman of Lotus applied the design to the rear suspension of the Lotus Elite.
As a result, strut suspension at the rear of an automobile are now commonly called Chapman
struts.
STEERING
A type of Steering system with a Pinion gear on the end of the Steering shaft. The pinion
engages a long rack (a bar with a row of teeth cut along one edge). When the Steering wheel
is turned, the pinion turns and moves the rack to the left or right. This movement is carried
through Tie rods to the Steering arms at the wheels.
The pinion gear rotates with the steering shaft, moving the rack from side to side. Several full
turns of the pinion are required to shift the rack from lock to lock. Because there are so few
parts in the steering linkage, rack and pinion is a very precise and responsive steering system
and is often used in sports cars.