19-01-2013, 10:42 AM
A Project Report On E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Industrial Pollution
• The industrial sector is one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy and plays an essential role in economic development and the alleviation of poverty. If environmental considerations are not effectively integrated into the design of industrial processes, the implications can be manifold.
• Industries, in general, consume 37 per cent of the world’s energy and emit 50 per cent of world’s CO2, 90 per cent of world’sSO2 and nearly all of its toxic chemicals. Lately, however, the severity of some of the local impacts of industry and the high cost of remediation industry is becoming an increasingly sensitive issue.
• There has been a region-wide structural shift towards increased industrialization. Developing economies with low levels of industrialization are gradually shifting their dependence from agriculture to the industrial sector, while developed economies, with a high level of industrialization, are shifting from the industrial to the service sector.
• Industry has increased its share of total output from 21 to 26 per cent in South Asia and this structural shift is expected to continue into the future. This shift has given rise to concern towards increasing carbon intensity in both local and regional environment.
• The CO2 emission (GHG) by industries in South Asia was estimated to be about 437 million tones in 2000- end and is estimated to increase by another 85 per cent by the year 2010. Current efforts for global environmental protection are mainly being consent rated around large-and small scale development projects.
Large-scale Industries – Demand Driven
South Asia has seen 5.6 per cent industrial growth, which has quadrupled in the last 30 years. A substantial
share of large-scale industrial growth in South Asian countries revolves around the transformation of raw
materials into industrial products such as steel, paper, and chemicals. The production of industrial chemicalshas been shifting to the developing world (mostly South
Asian countries). In 1990, this industry’s annual rate of growth was 5.6 per cent in the developing countries ,compared with a mere 1 per cent in the developed world. The processes involved in these industries - which also include other sectors such as electricity generation, petroleum refining, mining, paper production, and leather tanning - are resource-intensive, and tend to produce a disproportionately large amount of hazaradous and toxic wastes.
High Demand of Products - Increased
Pollution Load
In recent years, the demand for certain types of consumer products which have led to the development
of industrial growth, has been particularly high. For instance, the automobile sector growth in the last five
years has been rapid (especially in India, Pakistan and Nepal). This growth alone has contributed to 4 per
cent of the large-scale industrial pollution and 20 per cent of the small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
pollution load.
Environmental Impact of Large Industries
Industries such as cement, glass, ceramic, iron and steel, paper and pulp, refineries, etc, exercise a wide range
of environmental impacts. They emit large amounts of nitrogen, sulphur and carbon oxides into the air.
Emissions of lead, arsenic and chromium, both from glass and iron and steel industries, are extremely toxic.
Waste disposal from such industries causes extensive water and soil contamination too. Extraction of raw materials causes large-scale surface disturbance and erosion.