27-12-2012, 03:30 PM
A REPORT ON SITE DEVELOPMENT AND SETTING OUT WORKS FOR THE PROPOSED AREA
A REPORT ON SITE.pdf (Size: 1.49 MB / Downloads: 134)
ABSTRACT:
There is a growing interest in our built heritage, the subject matter ranging from prehistoric monuments and historic townships to more modern military or industrial sites. Studying a subject can include carrying out documentary research and looking at extant remains.
The planning and design of all Civil Engineering projects such as construction of highways, bridges, tunnels, dams etc are based upon surveying measurements. Moreover, during execution, project of any magnitude is constructed along the lines and points established by surveying. Thus, surveying is a basic requirement for all Civil Engineering projects.
In this report our project deals with survey of an area consisting of leveling, shifting benchmark to the site and contouring .
Company details: We are hereby making our project in Sri Satyam Constructions to successfully complete our project as per standard specification.
INTRODUCTION
CIVIL ENGINEERING is considered as the first discipline of the various branches of engineering after military engineering, and includes the designing, planning, construction, and maintenance of the infrastructure. The works include roads, bridges, buildings, dams, canals, water supply and numerous other facilities that affect the life of human beings. Civil engineering is intimately associated with the private and public sectors, including the individual homeowners and international enterprises. It is one of the oldest engineering professions, and ancient engineering achievements due to civil engineering include the pyramids of Egypt and road systems developed by the Romans.
Civil Engineering In Daily Life:-
Civil engineering has a significant role in the life of every human being, though one may not truly sense its importance in our daily routine. The function of civil engineering commences with the start of the day when we take a shower, since the water is delivered through a water supply system including a well designed network of pipes, water treatment plant and other numerous associated services. The network of roads on which we drive while proceeding to school or work, the huge structural bridges we come across and the tall buildings where we work, all have been designed and constructed by civil engineers. Even the benefits of electricity we use are available to us through the contribution of civil engineers who constructed the towers for the transmission lines. In fact, no sphere of life may be identified that does not include the contribution of civil engineering.
The Roles of Civil and Military Engineer in Ancient Times:-
As stated above, civil engineering is considered to be the first main discipline of engineering, and the engineers were in fact military engineers with expertise in military and civil works. During the era of battles or operations, the engineers were engaged to assist the soldiers fighting in the battlefield by making catapults, towers, and other instruments used for fighting the enemy. However, during peace time, they were concerned mainly with the civil activities such as building fortifications for defense, making bridges, canals, etc.
Civil Engineering in the 18th - 20th Century:-
Until the recent era, there was no major difference between the terms civil engineering and architecture, and they were often used interchangeably. It was in the 18th century that the term civil engineering was firstly used independently from the term military engineering. The first private college in the United States that included Civil Engineering as a separate discipline was Norwich University established in the year 1819