14-01-2013, 04:44 PM
A SEMINAR ON ADVANCE SEPARATION METHOD
1SEPARATION METHOD.ppt (Size: 117 KB / Downloads: 74)
INTRODUCTION
In chemistry and chemical engineering, a separation process is used to transform a mixture of substances into two or more distinct products.
Separation applications in the field of chemical engineering are very important. A good example is that of crude oil.
Advance separation method is recently used in all chemical industries.
MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGY
A membrane separation system separates an influent stream into two effluent streams known as the permeate and the concentrate. The permeate is the portion of the fluid that has passed through the semi-permeable membrane. Whereas the concentrate stream contains the constituents that have been rejected by the membrane.
REVERSE OSMOSIS(RO)
Unlike water filtration, that can only remove some suspended materials larger than 1 micron, the process of reverse osmosis (RO) will eliminate the dissolved solids, bacteria, viruses and other germs contained in the water.
The RO is generally used for desalination seawater for its conversion into potable water.
The silent features of the process are that it involves no phase change and it is relatively a low energy process.
ULTRAFILTRATION(UF)
Ultrafiltration is most commonly used to separate a solution that has a mixture of some desirable components and some that are not desirable.
Typical rejected species include sugars, bio-molecules, polymers and colloidal particles. UF processes operate at 2-10 bars though in some cases up to 25-30 bars Pre. have been used.
UF usually implies separation of macromolecules such as protein from low molecular weight solvents.
MICROFILTRATION(MF)
Microfiltration is a separation technique for removing micron sized particles, like bacteria, yeast cells, colloids, and smoke particles, from suspensions or gases.
The process uses membrane filters with pores in the approximate size range 0.1 to 10 micro meter, which are permeable to the fluid, but retain the particles, thus causing separation.
The MF membranes are made from natural or synthetic polymers such as cellulose nitrate or acetate, polyamides, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polypropylene,etc.
GAS SEPARATION
The membrane gas separation technology is over ten years old and is proving to be one of the most significant unit operations.
The membrane gas separation has been used for hydrogen separation and recovery, ammonia purge gas, refinery hydrogen recovery, 'syngas' separation in petrochemicals industry, CO2 enhanced oil recovery, natural gas processing, air separation, nitrogen production, air dehydration, helium recovery etc.
CONCLUSION
To study all above process as my conclusion is that for the chemical and petroleum refining industries, separation processes are used to separate and purify the products of reactions. The conventional separation method is like adsorption, crystallization, leaching, etc.these are only separate the chemical in to phases but the Advanced separation method is used for remove all types of impurities from chemical and separate in to required product. New developments in separation technologies are, therefore, critical for the continued productivity and global competitiveness of the industries.