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ABSTRACT
Global warming is increasing on our earth due to major increase in the pollution. Air pollution is very serious
problem on our earth. The main component due to which the air pollution is increasing are (Co),(Nox) and lead
which is get exposed from vehicles. The other sources such as big factories,electric power,generation plants, big
industries etc.So it is required to solve these problems by taking various serious attempts.
Aqua silencer is one of the attempt taken in reduce the air pollution. It is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine or
system. These Silences is used to reduce the noise and control the emission of dangerous gases.
In aqua silencer the main component perforated tube which consists of number of different diameter
holes.Generally these are 4 set of holes on perforated tube.Charcoal layer is pasted over that tube and it is used
to convert high mass bubbles to low mass bubbles.
The aqua silencer reduces emission noise because, the sound produced in aqua silencer under water having less
amplitude than the sound produced in open atmosphere .These is happen because of in water molecules there
are small sprockets which lowers amplitude of emission gases and lower the sound level.The charcoal layer
which is pasted over perforated tube can control the emission using the activated charcoal and highly porous
extra free valences so these layer having high absorption capacity.
Keywords: Aqua silencer,Charcoal layer,Noise,Extra free valences,NOX,Perforated tube,Small
sprockets.
1. INTRODUCTION
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with it’s slender
structure and less weight.It play an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from engines.Air
pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body,animal and environment.The main reason to use
aqua silencer is because now a days air pollution is increasing rapidly.This system reduces the dangerous
exhaust gases from the auto.
These emission controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime water.The charcoal
layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from engine.These type charcoal layer with lime water
reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission gases.The smoke or
emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
III.CONSTRUCTION
The main component of aqua silencer is perforated tube. It fitted at end of exhaust pipe of engine. This
perforated tube consists of different diameter holes to convert increase in mass bubbles to decreasing mass
bubbles on perforated tube. Generally 4 sets of holes are drilled. The plug is provide to close the other end of
perforated tube. The activated charcoal layer and metallic mesh covers is provided around circumference of
perforated tube. The perforated tube contains the lime water inside it which chemically reacts with exhaust gas
from the engine.
These whole unit or system is then placed in the container which is fitted with water to remove exhaust gas. The
small opening is provided at the top of water container and at the bottom of the container opening is provide for
cleaning purpose. At the top of container fulfiller plug is also provided. A non return valve is provided at the
inlet of exhaust pipe to avoid back flow of gases and water as well. If exhaust gas enter to aqua silencer,
perforated tube convert the high mass of bubbles to the low mass.
3.1.Parts Of Aqua Silencer
1).Perforated Tube
2).Non-Return Valve
3).Outer Shell
4).Flange
5).Charcoal Layer
1).Perforated Tube:-
It consist number of hole of various diameter mainly there are four sets of holes.It is used to convert the high
mass of bubble to low mass and very important activated charcoal layer is pasted are it.
Charcoal Layer:-
These layer having high absorption capacity because it having large surface area.These type of charcoal called
activated charcoal.These activated charcoal produce by heating it upto 15000C for specified hours in a
burner.Thus it is surface is get increasing.
WORKING OF AQUA SILENCERS
The exhaust gases from engine enters from inlet to aqua silencer then perforated tube convert high mass of
bubble to the low mass of bubbles.Then this gases passes through charcoal layer which again purify the
gase.This charcoal layer is highly porous and possess extra free valence so it having high absorption
capacity.During that gases get contact with lime water they chemically react with it.
EFFECT OF DISSOLVED GASES ON WATER
In this system water is very good absorbing medium.In aqua silencer gases made to dissolved in water when this
gases from engine get dissolved in water they form acid,carbonates and bicarbonates etc.
4.1).Action of dissolved Sox
4. 2).Action of dissolved CO2
4.3).Effect of dissolved Nox
5.1).Action of dissolved Sox:-
When Sox is treated with water, it form So2, So3, So4, H2So4, i.e. sulfur Acid (H2So3,), it produces Hydrogen
Sulphide which causes egg smell and causes corrosion of metals.
5.2).Action of dissolved CO2:-
The dissolved carbon dioxide forms bicarbonate at less PH and Carbonates at greater level PH. This levels 40 to
400 mg/liter. Form a scale in pipes and boilers. The carbon dioxide mixes with water to form Carbonic acid. It
causes green house effect.
5.3).Action of dissolved Nox:-
The Nitrogen in water under goes Oxidation to form ammonia, Nitrate, Nitric acid. This synthesis of protein and
amino acids is get effect by Nitrogen. Nitrate usually occurs in trace quantities in surface water. A limit of 10
mg per liters Nitrate is affordable.
VI. METHODS TO CONTROL WATER POLLUTION
6.1).Lime water wash method
6.2).Absorption process
6.1).Lime water wash method
The water is treated with the calculated quantities of slaked lime.After mixing the heavy precipitates settle
down as sludge at the bottom of the tank are removed from time to time.
Lime can neutralize any acid present in the water. SO2.
The precipitates dissolved carbon dioxide as calcium carbonate and converts bicarbonate ions into
carbonates.
6.1.1).The equations are given below:-
1).Ca(OH)2+SO2…….CaSO3+H2O
2).Neutralizes any acid in water
2HCL+Ca(OH)2……CaCl2+2H2O
H2SO4+Ca(OH)2………CaSO4+2H2O
3).Precipitate Bicarbonate as calcium carbonate
CO2+Ca(OH)2…….CaCO3+2H2O
4).Convert bicarbonate ions (like NaHCO3,KHCO3)etc into carbonates
NHCO3+Ca(OH)2……CaCO3+H2O+Na2CO3
6.1.2).Limitation Of Lime Water Wash Method:-
Quantity of neutralization capacity is in specified limit
It’s handling is very difficult
It is costly
It having ability of Regenerations.
6.2).Absorption process:-
Activated charcoal is available in powdered or granular form. As it is highly possess free valencies and it is
highly porous.Hence it posses high absorption capacity.
Activated carbon is mainly used for the removal of taste and impurities from the public water supplies.
Because it has high properties of attracting gases, it divided solid particles and phenol type impurities, The
activated carbon, usually in the powdered form is added to the water either before or after the coagulation
with sedimentation.
6.2.1).ADVANTAGES OF ABSORPTION PROCESS:-
It increases the coagulation power of the process.
Chlorine demand is reduces by use of these method.
The excessive dose of activated carbon is not harmful.
The treatment process is very simple.
The efficiency of removing color, impurities and tate is quite high.
It can be easily regenerated.
It has excellent properties of attracting gases.
VII. MERITS AND DEMERITS
MERITS:-
1. Vibration less running of engine
2. Easily engine gets start
3. Emission and Noise is controlled at greater level
DEMERITS:-
1. Once in year there is requirement of filling of lime water.
2. More requirement of space
3. The weight of silencer get increases
CONCLUSION
An Aqua Silencer having more efficiency to reduce emission gases from engine using lime water,charcoal layer
and perforated tube with the use of perforated tube back pressure always remains constant and sound level of
exhaust reduces. Contamination of water remain very very less in aqua silencer. In this system fuel consumption
remain same as conventional silencers because the use of perforated tube. Due to use of water as a medium
sound reduces these system having pollution free emission and smokeless. These system is very cheap.These
system is used for both four wheelers and two wheelers. It plays important role in industries