15-01-2013, 04:43 PM
ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
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What is a Neural Network?
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is an information-processing paradigm that is inspired by the way biological nervous systems, such as the brain, process information.
It is composed of a large number of highly interconnected processing elements (neurones) working in unison to solve specific problems.
An ANN is configured for a specific application, such as pattern recognition or data classification, through a learning process.
Historical Background
First Attempts
Promising & Emerging Technology
Period of Frustration & Disrepute
Innovation
Re-Emergence
Today
First Attempts
McCulloch and Pitts (1943) developed models of neural networks based on their understanding of neurology
Their networks were based on simple neurones, which were considered to be binary devices with fixed thresholds
Another attempt was by using computer simulations
Two groups (Farley and Clark, 1954; Rochester, Holland, Haibit and Duda, 1956). The first group (IBM researchers) maintained closed contact with neuroscientists at McGill University
Period of Frustration & Disrepute
In 1969 Minsky and Papert wrote a book in which they generalized the limitations of single layer Perceptrons to multilayered systems.