18-06-2014, 03:52 PM
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY CHEMICALS ON SOIL AND GROUND WATER IN AND AROUND BIDADI INDUSTRIAL AREA
ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY.docx (Size: 24.01 KB / Downloads: 19)
ABSTRACT:-
Soil and water are very important materials for plants as well as animals and humans for their various activities. The study was carried out to assess the impacts of industrial activities on the soil and groundwater quality in and around BidadiIndustrial area. Due to industrialization the land pollution is increasing day by day. It is outmost necessary to determine the soil and groundwater characteristics to know the quality and the presence of various heavy metals present in them. The quality of groundwater was assessed in terms of physico-chemical parameters. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH,electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), Calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-) has to be analyzed to know the quality of the groundwater.
It is very essential to determine the soil characteristics for knowing the quality of soil, here in our study the samples of soil has to be collected in and around Bidadi industrial area and has to be analyzed for monsoon, pre monsoon and post monsoon seasons. To determine the heavy metal concentrations like Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr which are obtained from the industries in and around Bidadi are to be analyzed by dissolving the extracted soil samples in tri acid mixture method. However if the pollution continues unabated it could pose serious problems in future.
Keywords:-Soil, groundwater, industrial pollution, Bidadi, heavy metals, triacid mixture, physico-chemical characteristics.
INTRODUCTION:-
In recent years of development in all the fields industries are playing a very important role. Every country is looking towards globalization through industrialization. Due to industrialization, most of the soil surrounded by the industries gets polluted and even sometimes it may be destroyed. Apart from the pollutants emitted by the industries on land, untreated effluents and hazardous wastes are also injected into the soil through infiltration ditches and injection wells in some industrial areas.
Groundwater contamination is generally irreversible i,eonce it gets contaminated; it is difficult to restore the original quality of groundwater. The disposal of solid and liquid wastes containing heavy metals like lead, nickel, chromium, molybdenum and mercury into the ecosystem leads to heavy metal contamination of natural habitat like soil and groundwater.Dumping of waste material can leach the toxic substance and penetrate towards soil by the industries used chemicals for the production,machineries, treatment petroleum, hydrocarbons, pesticides, lead,etc.The contaminant concentration insoil mainly depends on the adsorption properties of soil matter.The solubility of heavy metal ions in soil was mainly influenceby many factors such as pH, Conductivity, Moisture content etc.
When the soil gets accumulated by the toxic substancessuch as metals, trace elements and other organic substancesfrom domestic and industrial sectors the pollutants get depositedon the soil. Many industries dump their unwanted wastes likeplastic materials, bottles, broken pieces of metal etc.In this type of input of unwanted things to soil the major problem is with the heavy metals. Among various pollutants, heavy metals are released into soils from the industrial activities like transporting the raw materials and scrapes, metal forging, manufacturing of alkaline storage batteries and synthetic organic compounds etc. This study was focused to investigate the quality of the soil and to find out the heavy metal concentrations.The objective of this study is toinvestigate qualitative analysis of some physicochemical parameters of ground water.
STUDY AREA:-
The present study was conducted in the BidadiIndustiral Arealocated at a latitude of 12058’N and longitude of 77035’E at an altitude of 921m above mean sea level. It is situated un the north-eastern part of the RamanagaraTaluk, RamanagaraDistrict.RamnagaraTaluk had 126 villages, 23 gram Panchayats and Municipal council. Detailed survey is to be conducted to identify the number of existing bore wells. The survey was to be conducted by visiting each industrial plot and surrounding the industries by identifying the existing bore wells and open wells.