24-10-2016, 02:10 PM
AUTO POWER SUPPLY CONTROL FROM 4 DIFFERENT SOURCES: SOLAR, MAINS, GENERATOR & INVERTER TO ENSURE NO BREAK POWER
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ABSTRACT :-
The main objective of this project is to provide uninterruptednointerruption power supply to a load, by selecting the supply from any source out of 4 such as mains, generator, and inverter and solar automatically in the absence of any of the source. The demand for electricity is increasing every day and frequent power cuts is causing many problems in various areas like industries, hospitals and houses. An alternativereciprocal arrangement for power source is a must.
In this project uses four switches to demonstrate the respectiverelevant failure of that power supply. When any of the switches is pressed it shows the absence of that particular source, switches are connected to microcontroller as input signals. A microcontroller of 8051 family is used. The output of microcontroller is given to the relay driver IC, which switches appropriate relay to maintain uninterrupted supply to the load. The output shall be observed using a lamp drawing power supply from mains initially. On failure of the mains supply (which is actuatedtomotive by pressing the appropriate switch) the load gets supply from the next availableusable source, say an inverter. If the inverter also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on. The current status, as to which source supplies the load is also displayed on an LCD. As it is not feasible to provideprovidedthat all 4 different sources of supply, one source with alternate switches are provided to get the same function.
INTRODUCTION :
An important necessity of electric power distribution systems is the requre for automatic operation. In particular, the rapid and reliable transfer of the system from one power source to another during certain system events is important to achieving the dependable goals for such systems and the facility serves. However, the design of such an automatic transfer system is all–too-often considered “less important” then many other aspects of the overall power system design. This paper deals with the four switches to demonstrate the respective failure of that power supply. The switches used are of “normally open” type switch. When any of the switches is pressed it shows the absence of that specialised source, switches are connected to as input signals. A diagram of Allen Bradley Micrologix 1000 is used. The output of microcontroller is given to the relay driver IC, which switches sutable relay to maintain nointerruption supply to the load. The output shall be observed using a lamp drawing power supply from mains initially. On failure of the mains supply (which is actuated by insistance the suitable switch) the load gets supply from the next available source, say a generator. If the generator also fails it switches over to the next available source and so on Four LEDS will be used to demostrar the source of the power supply.
MODEL DESCRIPTION :
Figure 1 explains the working and construction of the Auto power supply from four different sources. As shown in the diagram the four sources are Mains, Solar, Inverter and Generator, four “Normally open” switches are used to show the failure of each supply, one SMPS to maintain power supply for PLC(24V dc), PLC is microlgix 1000 Allen Bradley used, four relays are used to provide protection at each respective output. This output can be used to drive any load such as a lamp or motor. LEDs are used to display the source of supply.When the supply from all the sources (Mains, Solar, Inverter and generator) are ready, first “Normally open” switch is pressed it produces mains failure and the supply automatically shifts to solar. To proceed further, second NO switch is pressed which produces failure in solar and supply is provided from inverter and so on. In the PLC ladder logic, priority is assigned to each power source in the order of Mains, Solar, Inverter and Generator. In case the mains power fails, the supply should automatically shift to Solar but if solar also fails at the moment then the supply will automatically shift to next priority source.
Other case is when the power switches from one source to another source, say solar fails and supply shifts to inverter but the mains comes back then the supply will automatically reach back to mains power instead of switching to inverter.
At the output of PLC, each output port is connected to positive dc voltage as the supply we give is ac and we need dc output to draw the load. Relays are used in contact with the output port to provide switching at the output.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
•8051 series Microcontroller, Relay Driver IC, Relays, LCD, Lamp, Push Buttons, Transformer, Diodes, Voltage Regulator, Crystal, LEDS, Capacitors, Resistors.
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Keil compiler
• Languages: Embedded C or Assembly