14-10-2016, 10:53 AM
AUTOMATIC CONTROLLER OF EVEN SUPPLY OF WATER IN DAMS DURING EXCESS FLOW USING PIC MICROCONTROLLER
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ABSTRACT:
This paper mainly deals with the automation system that is done to overcome the difficulties faced by the overflow of water inside the water storage canals, dams, reservoirs, lakes, etc. For example, if the overflow of water in dams is more than its withholding capacity then there occurs damage. In order to avoid such kind of effects, an automation system is introduced. This is done with the help of a PIC Microcontroller, float switch, flow switch and a Zigbee module.
Keywords: PIC Microcontroller, Float switch, Flow switch, Zigbee Module.
INTRODUCTION:
Water is an important source of Energy. All living beings depends on water, without water no one can survive in this world. It is essential for the plants to live. It is the duty of every human to save water. This water may also have the drawbacks when it is received in excess amount.
This water can be stored in reservoirs, lakes, canals, dams, etc., that will be used during summer days.
This water when stored in reservoirs in excess amount may cause damage to the walls of the storage canals which in turn comes out in the form of flood.
In order to overcome the effects of flood, we introduce an automatic system where we control and monitor the excess flow of water in dams, reservoirs, etc. This can be done with the help of PIC microcontroller, float switch, flow switch and Zigbee module.
EXISTING SYSTEM:
In existing system they used a model predictive controller approach. In that system a human operator will be travelling between the gates as ordered by a remote centralized controller.
The operator provides the controller with up to date measurement from the location visited and act as the actuator as required by the remote controller. It is a point to point communication between one person to another person. If the water is filled in one gate then it is informed through a controller to an operator via mobile device who is at the subsequent gate. In this way no equipment needs to be installed at the local sites and instead the operator carries a simple portable device.
DISADVANTAGES OF EXISTING SYSTEM:
Mpc controller is completely a manual controller.
It is not possible to fix the relay on the equipment.
It is a point to point communication.
Time delay is more.
High maintenance cost.
Poor performance.
PROPOSED SYSTEM:
The proposed system mainly deals with the automatic control of a canal where it does not require a frequent manual control. In this system we use a float switch to indicate the level of the water, here we work with two level of water: low-level and high-level. When the water reaches the high level this switch helps us to monitor it and the gate opens with the help of a relay driver that is attached with the dc motor that helps to open and close the door of the dams. Relay driver controls the entire circuit with low energy level.
ELEMENTS USED:
Pic16f877a.
Float switch, flow switch.
Relay driver.
Dc motor.
Max-232.
Zigbee.
FUNCTIONS OF THE ELEMENTS:
PIC 16f877a:
It is used to control and perform the operation.
FLOAT SWITCH:
It is used to detect the water level in normal conditions.
FLOW SWITCH:
If the water pressure level is high it is used to detect the level.
RELAY DRIVER:
It controls the circuit with low energy level.
DC MOTOR:
It is used to control the gate level.
LEVEL SENSOR:
Level sensors stumble on the extent of drinks and different fluids and fluidized solids, together with slurries, granular substances, and powders that showcase a top loose surface.
DC MOTOR:
A DC motor is any of a category of electrical machines that converts direct contemporary electrical electricity into mechanical electricity.
RELAY DRIVER:
A Relay driver is used to control a circuit through low energy sign or where in number of circuit ought to be managed by way of one signal.
MAX-232:
The MAX-232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts RX, TX, CTS and RTS signal.
ZIGBEE:
Zigbee is a low-cost, low-strength, Wi-Fi mesh community trendy targeted at the extensive development of lengthy battery life gadgets in Wi-Fi manipulate and tracking applications.
ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM:
It works fully automatic.
Maintenance is easy.
Low cost.
This system is helpful during unexpected situation like heavy rainfall.
CONCLUSION:
In this system we proposed an automatic controller that is associated with a PIC microcontroller to monitor and to control the excess flow of water and also to reduce the effects of flood.
This system will be more helpful during heavy rainfall. This system will also be useful to reduce the effects of flood.