29-01-2013, 11:13 AM
A PAPER PRESENTATION ON GRID COMPUTING
GRID COMPUTING.doc (Size: 205.5 KB / Downloads: 30)
ABSTRACT:
Grid computing, emerging as a new paradigm for next-generation computing, enables the sharing, selection, and aggregation of geographically distributed heterogeneous resources for solving large-scale problems in science, engineering, and commerce. The resources in the Grid are heterogeneous and geographically distributed. Availability, usage and cost policies vary depending on the particular user, time, priorities and goals. It enables the regulation of supply and demand for resources.
It provides an incentive for resource owners to participate in the Grid; and motivates the users to trade-off between deadline, budget, and the required level of quality of service. The thesis demonstrates the capability of economic-based systems for wide-area parallel and distributed computing by developing users’ quality-of-service requirements-based scheduling strategies, algorithms, and systems. It demonstrates their effectiveness by performing scheduling experiments on the World-Wide Grid for solving parameter sweep—task and data parallel—applications.
This paper focuses on introduction, grid definition and its evolution. It covers about grid characteristics, types of grids and an example describing a community grid model. It gives an overview of grid tools, various components, advantages followed by conclusion.
INTRODUCTION:
The Grid unites servers and storage into a single system that acts as a single computer - all your applications tap into all your computing power. Hardware resources are fully utilized and spikes in demand are met with ease. This Web site sponsored by Oracle brings you the resources you need to evaluate your organization's adoption of grid technologies. The Grid is ready when you are.
THE GRID:
The Grid is the computing and data management infrastructure that will provide the electronic underpinning for a global society in business, government, research, science and entertainment, integrate networking, communication, computation and in-formation to provide a virtual platform for computation and data management in the same way that the Internet integrates resources to form a virtual plat-form for information. The Grid is the computing and data management infra-structure that will provide the electronic. Grid infrastructure will provide us with the ability to dynamically link together resources as an ensemble to support the execution of large-scale, resource-intensive, and distributed applications.
Grid is a type of parallel and distributed system that enables the sharing, selection, and aggregation of geo-graphically distributed "autonomous" resources dynamically at runtime de-pending on their availability, capability, performance, cost, and users' quality-of-service requirements.
BEGINNING OF THE GRID:
Parallel computing in the 1980s focused researchers’ efforts on the development of algorithms, programs and architectures that supported simultaneity. During the 1980s and 1990s, software for parallel computers focused on providing powerful mechanisms for managing communication between processors, and development and execution environments for parallel machines. Successful application paradigms were developed to leverage the immense potential of shared and distributed memory architectures. Initially it was thought that the Grid would be most useful in extending parallel computing paradigms from tightly coupled clusters to geographically distributed systems. However, in practice, the Grid has been utilized more as a platform for the integration of loosely coupled applications – some components of which might be running in parallel on a low-latency parallel machine – and for linking disparate resources (storage, computation, visualization, instruments). Coordination and distribution – two fundamental concepts in Grid Computing.
The first modern Grid is generally considered to be the information wide-area year (IWAY). Developing infrastructure and applications for the I-WAY provided a seminar and powerful experience for the first generation of modern Grid researchers and projects. This was important, as the development of Grid research requires a very different focus than distributed computing research. Grid research focuses on addressing the problems of integration and management of soft-ware. I-WAY opened the door for considerable activity in the development of Grid software.
KINDS OF GRID TOOLS:
components include file systems, schedulers and resource managers, messaging systems, security applications, certificate authorities, and file transfer mechanisms like Grid FTP.
1) Directory services. Systems on a grid must be capable of discovering what services are available to them. In short, Grid systems must be able to define (and monitor) a grid’s topology in order to share and collaborate. Many Grid directory ser-vices implementations are based on past successful models, such as LDAP, DNS, network management protocols, and indexing services.
2)Schedulers and load balancers. One of the main benefits of a grid is maximizing efficiency. Schedulers and load balancers provide this function and more. Schedulers ensure that jobs are completed in some order (priority, deadline, urgency, for in-stance) and load balancers distribute tasks and data management across systems to decrease the chance of bottlenecks.
DATA MANAGEMENT:
If any data -- including application modules -- must be moved or made accessible to the nodes where an application's jobs will execute, then there needs to be a secure and reliable method for moving files and data to various nodes within the grid. The Globus Toolkit contains a data management component that provides such services. This component, know as Grid Access to Secondary Storage (GASS), includes facilities such as GridFTP. GridFTP is built on top of the standard FTP protocol, but adds additional functions and utilizes the GSI for user authentication and authorization. Therefore, once a user has an authenticated proxy certificate, he can use the GridFTP facility to move files without having to go through a login process to every node involved. This facility provides third-party file transfer so that one node can initiate a file transfer between two other nodes.
CONCLUSION:
Grid computing introduces a new concept to IT infrastructures because it supports distributed computing over a network of heterogeneous resources and is enabled by open standards. Grid computing works to optimize underutilized resources, decrease capital expenditures, and reduce the total cost of ownership. This solution extends beyond data processing and into in-formation management as well. Information in this context covers data in databases, files, and storage devices. In this article, we outline potential problems and the means of solving them in a distributed environment.