19-12-2012, 03:29 PM
Analog to Digital Converter (ADC)
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In physical world parameters such as temperature, pressure, humidity, and velocity are analog signals. A physical quantity is converted into electrical signals. We need an analog to digital converter (ADC), which is an electronic circuit that converts continuous signals into discrete form so that the microcontroller can read the data. Analog to digital converters are the most widely used devices for data acquisition.
DESCRIPTION :
The ADC0808 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8- bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The design of the ADC0808 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D conversion techniques. The device offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes minimal power. These features make it ideally suited for applications from process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications.
CLOCK CIRCUITRY FOR ADC:
Functional Description:
The clock for the ADC is generated using the IC CD4093, which is a 2-input Schmitt triggered NAND gate. A Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit that incorporates positive feedback. The Control pin is pulled high and the capacitor charges and discharges producing alternate patterns of 0’s and 1, generating a square waveform. When the input is higher than a certain chosen threshold, the output is high; when the input is below another (lower) chosen threshold, the output is low; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value. The trigger is so named because the output retains its value until the input changes sufficiently to trigger a change. This dual threshold action is called hysteresis, and implies that the Schmitt trigger has some memory.