25-06-2014, 02:26 PM
Applications of RFID Over Power Line for Smart Grid
1388932947-CHE0575ApplicationofRFIDoverpowerlineforsmartGrid.pdf (Size: 166.75 KB / Downloads: 22)
Abstract
Easily installable and highly reliable data
communications over power line is a requirement to make Smart
Grid more convenient and useful than fixed grid systems.
Therefore RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) over Power
Line technology was developed. Unlike conventional RFID
carrying data wirelessly by antenna, radio-frequency signals for
identification and payment runs through the power line in Smart
Grid. The appliances embedded with IC card chips are detected
and identified when their electrical plug connectors are inserted
into the outlets in the electrical grid equipped with
reader/writers. This system has the potential to revolutionize the
usage of Power Line Communications with applications such as
automatic identification, power control, and payment/ticketing
through the power lines
INTRODUCTION
RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) or contactless IC
card technology is widely used throughout the world. With its
high-security system, it is used in a wide variety of ways such
as cashless payments [1], ticketing systems for public
transportation [2], and residential door keys. Today, whether at
train stations or in convenience stores, we can see people
enjoying the ease of making payments simply by holding an IC
card over a reader/writer.
RFID over Power Line is the applied technology of
conventional RFID, NFC (Near Field Communication), or
contactless IC card. It is also Power Line Communication
transferring high frequency signals of RFID over power line to
detect appliances which are connected to the electrical grid and
to pick up their encrypted data as shown in Figure
ARCHITECTURE OF RFID OVER POWER LINE
RFID over Power Line system consists of at least one
Smart Strip with reader/writer and one or more appliances with
ID data in their IC chips
Smart Strip
A diagram of our prototype of Smart Strip is shown in
Figure 2. The reader/writer module (UF-S956S (WS)) is
adopted in it. Specifications of the reader/writer are shown in
Table I. The antenna is removed, and RF output/input port is
connected to the power line via coupling circuit.
Integration of RFID chips in appliances
RFID inside appliances contains two parts: one is an
integrated circuit (IC) for storing and processing information,
modulating and demodulating radio-frequency (RF) signals;
the other is a coupling circuit to receive and transfer RF signals
over power line and avoid IC damage from high voltages. The
coupling circuits for Smart Strip and appliances are shown in
Security gate of Smart Grid
The electrical outlets with the security gate only allow
membership appliances to use the electricity. If RFID over
Power Line technology is adopted in the outlet for EV (Electric
Vehicle) charging, the outlet authenticates the car via charging
cable, and then the internal relay turns on and starts charging
the battery of the pre-registered EV. If the car is not
authenticated, the relay remains being off, and the EV cannot
charge its battery.
Car theft is a major problem in many countries. RFID over
Power Line system is also useful for vehicle registration and
law enforcement. ID information read through the charging
cable can help detect and retrieve stolen cars
CONCLUSION
This paper presents a new way of automatic identification,
power control, and payments over power line in Smart Grid.
Concepts of RFID over Power Line technology have been
introduced, which opens up new possibilities for Smart Grid
featuring small cost and short development time. Examples of
applications of RFID over Power Line technology; security
gate of Smart Grid; automatic output power control of