29-11-2012, 04:21 PM
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence.ppt (Size: 329 KB / Downloads: 25)
Introduction
What is AI?
The foundations of AI
A brief history of AI
The state of the art
Introductory problems
What is AI?
Intelligence: “ability to learn, understand and think” (Oxford dictionary)
AI is the study of how to make computers make things which at the moment people do better.
Examples: Speech recognition, Smell, Face, Object, Intuition, Inferencing, Learning new skills, Decision making, Abstract thinking
Acting Humanly: The Turing Test
Predicted that by 2000, a machine might have a 30% chance of fooling a lay person for 5 minutes.
Anticipated all major arguments against AI in
following 50 years.
Suggested major components of AI: knowledge,
reasoning, language, understanding, learning.
Thinking Humanly: Cognitive Modelling
Not content to have a program correctly solving a problem.
More concerned with comparing its reasoning steps
to traces of human solving the same problem.
Requires testable theories of the workings of the
human mind: cognitive science.
Acting Rationally
Acting so as to achieve one’s goals, given one’s beliefs.
Does not necessarily involve thinking.
Advantages:
- More general than the “laws of thought” approach.
- More amenable to scientific development than human- based approaches.