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Abstract: A cost-effective, Automated Unified System for Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) booking, leakage detection,
real time gas monitoring system and automatic controlling of LPG regulator is proposed in this paper. The aim of this
paper is to monitor for LPG leakage to avoid fire accidents providing house safety feature where security has been an
important issue. The system detects the leakage of the LPG using gas sensor MQ6 and alerts the consumer about the
gas leakage by sending SMS using GSM module and simultaneously activating the alarm and exhaust fan. The system
additionally provides the automatically controlling of LPG regulator. To avoid the blast this system will disconnect the
main power supply using relay. The additional advantage of the system is that it continuously monitors the level of the
LPG present in the cylinder using weight sensor and automatically books the cylinder using a GSM module.
INTRODUCTION
Liquefied Petroleum Gas commonly known as LPG
consists of mixture of Commercial Propane and
Commercial Butane having saturated as well as
unsaturated hydrocarbons. It is odourless gas due to which
Ethanethoil is added as powerful odorant, so that leakage
can be easily detected. LPG is commonly used in homes
for central heating, hot-water, gas fires, cooking and in
mobile heaters for leisure activities such as boats, caravans
and barbecues .This energy source is primarily composed
of propane and butane which is highly flammable
chemical compounds. LPG first produced in 1910 by Dr.
Walter Snelling. It is classified as hazardous material
because of its flammable properties and explosive
potential when stored under pressure. Before the
development of electronic household gas detectors in the
1980s and 90s, gas presence was detected with a
chemically infused paper that changed its colour when
exposed to the gas. Since then, many technologies and
devices have been developed to detect, monitor, and alert
the leakage of a wide array of gases. Hence the
requirement of an efficient system to measure and display
the level of LPG is inevitable, which may be used for
domestic and commercial purposes. Here we intend to
propose a microcontroller based system where a gas
sensor, MQ6 is used to detect dangerous gas leaks. This
unit is incorporated into an alarm unit, to sound an alarm
or give a visual indication of the LPG leakage. The sensor
has good sensitivity combined with a quick response time
at low cost. If leakage is detected, message to the
authorized person or family member using cellular
network called GSM is sent automatically. It also provides
a feature to measure weight LPG cylinder with its value on
LCD display. A gas quantity of less or equal to 7kg books
the cylinder automatically by sending text message to a
dealer. Also when cylinder weighs less than or equal to 0.5 Kg, it informs the family members by sending a message
to refill the cylinder.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
[1]A cost-effective, automatic Liquefied Petroleum Gas
(LPG) booking, leakage detection and real time gas
monitoring system is proposed in this paper. In this
system, the LPG leakage is detected through the sensor
and information is sent to the user by Short Message
Service (SMS) and simultaneously alerts the customer
using a GSM module, while activating the alarm and
exhaust fan. The additional advantage of the system is that
it continuously monitors the level of the LPG present in
the cylinder using weight sensor and automatically books
the cylinder using a GSM module.
[2] The system detects the leakage of the LPG and alerts
the consumer about the leak and as an emergency measure
the system will switch on the exhaust fan and also checks
the leakage. An added feature of the system is that the
approximate consumption is indicated in terms of the total
weight. The proposed system makes use of GSM module
in order to alert about the gas leakage via an SMS.
Whenever the system detects the increase in the
concentration of the LPG it immediately alerts by
activating an alarm and simultaneously sending message
to the specified mobile phones. The exhaust fan is
switched on and an LPG safe solenoid valve fitted to the
cylinder is given a signal to close avoiding further leakage.
The device ensures safety and prevents suffocation and
explosion due to gas leakage.
[3]The former systems can not react in time, even cannot
obtain data from an accident and locate accurately. This
system gives real time detective of potential risk area,
collect the data of leak accident and locate leakage point.
This system having protection circuitry consists of exhaust fan and a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Safe Solenoid Valve.
The hazardous gasses like Liquefied Petroleum Gas and
Propane were sensed and displayed each and every second
in Liquid Crystal Display. If these gasses exceed normal
level then alarm is generated immediately. In this system
MQ-6 gas sensor used to sense poisonous gas and has high
sensitivity to LPG and also response to natural gas. This
work modifies the existing safety model installed in
industries. It offers quick response time and accurate
detection.
[4]Safety plays a major role in today’s world and it is
necessary that good safety systems are to be implemented
in places of education and work. This work modifies the
existing safety model installed in industries and this
system also be used in homes and offices. The main
objective of the work is design in microcontroller based
toxic gas detecting and alerting system. The hazardous
gases like LPG and propane were sensed and displayed
each and every second in the LCD display. If these gases
exceed the normal level then an alarm is generated
immediately and also an alert message (SMS) is sent to the
authorized person through the GSM. The advantage of this
automated detection and alerting system over the manual
method is that it offers quick response time and accurate
detection of an emergency and in turn leading faster
diffusion of the critical situation.
[5]The aim of this project is to monitor for liquid
petroleum gas (LPG) leakage to avoid fire accidents
providing house safety feature where security has been an
important issue. The system detects the leakage of the
LPG using gas sensor and alerts the consumer about the
gas leakage by sending SMS. The proposed system uses
the GSM to alert the person about the gas leakage via
SMS. When the system detects the LPG concentration in
the air exceeds the certain level then it immediately alert
the consumer by sending SMS to specified mobile phone
and alert the people at home by activating the alarm which
includes the LED, Buzzer simultaneously and display the
message on LCD display to take the necessary action and
switch on the exhaust fan to decrease the gas concentration
in the air.
[6]Gas leakage is a major concern with residential,
commercial premises and gas powered transportation
vehicles. One of the preventive measures to avoid the
danger associated with gas leakage is to install a gas
leakage detector at vulnerable locations. The objective of
this work is to present the design of a cost effective
automatic alarming system, which can detect liquefied
petroleum gas leakage in various premises. Test results are
demonstrated for an USB powered gas leakage detection
system and it gives early warning signals under less severe
conditions and activates a high pitched alarm in case of
emergency situations to safeguard the users.
PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
This paper proposes an advance and innovative approach
for LPG leakage detection, prevention and automatic
booking for refill. In advance, the system provides the
automatic controlling of LPG regulator also if leakage is
detected the system will automatically turn off the main switch of power supply. Hence it helps to avoid the
explosion and blast.
A. System Architecture
System block diagram comprises of following parts shown
in figure 1. It consists of microcontroller (ATMega16A),
gas sensor (MQ6), weight sensor (Load Cell-L6D), GSM
module (SIMCOM 300), and display(s). Microcontroller
ATMega 16 is the base of the system. The inputs given to
the ATMega 16 are the output of gas sensor MQ-6,
contactor and load cell L6D .The output of ATMega 16
are given to the SIMCOM 300 and LCD 16×2 display.
1) Microcontroller:
A very efficient and fast working controller is needed to
continuously sense the LPG gas and its level (weight)
sensor’s output. Also a fast reply is desired when leakage
is found. Along with this a system must possess capacity
to store some information which can be used for further
processing. Hence above operations require a very fast,
single cycle execution rate microcontroller like
ATMega16A. As shown in above figure 1, the
microcontroller is at the centre of the system. It is having
features like 16Kb internal RAM making easy storage of
entire code in microcontroller itself, also the 1 MIPS per
MHz instruction cycle execution rate enhanced overall
system performance. The LCD module connected to port
B of ATMega16A in 4-bit mode is used to display the
required messages. GSM module using AT commands
connected to Rx and Tx pins of port D of ATMega16A are
used to receive and transmit messages to desired family
members and distributor. The weight sensor module
output taken from relay circuit is connected to pins of port
A which is used to continuously monitor gas level. The
contactor is connected to the port C of ATMega16A is
used to controlling the main power supply switch in the
home.
sensitivity increases with the concentration of gas, also it
avoids gases like cooking fumes. It requires a voltage of 0-
5 volts which is low and safe as per as the gaseous
environment is considered. This sensor continuously
senses the gas, and if concentration level goes above
danger level then it turns ON relay which gives interrupt
to microcontroller and alternately switches on buzzer
and exhaust fan. This Gas sensor not only has sensitivity
to propane and butane but also to other natural gases, low
sensitivity to cigarette smoke an alcohol. This sensor can
also be used for detection of other combustible gas such
methane.
3) Weight Sensor:
For booking of refill from a distributor, we must be aware
in advance of amount of gas in the cylinder, and for this
purpose the level of gas present in the cylinder has to be
monitored continuously. The load cell having required
weighing capacity for domestic cylinder is used and for
calibration purpose the weight sensor module is used
along with the load cell. L6D weight sensor module is
implemented in the system. The load cell output drives a
relay circuit which gives two logic pulses (for <=7 kg and
<= 0.5 kg) which are further connected to microcontroller
port pins to detect the gas level.
4) GSM Module:
Gas sensor detects the presence of gas, weight sensor
gives the gas level in cylinder, and microcontroller will
take corrective or necessary actions. The status of all these
happening has to be conveyed to the owner of system or
housemates. GSM module is used to send an SMS to the
user cell phone. When the gas leakage is detected by the
gas sensor, microcontroller sends a signal to GSM module,
in which one of the tasks is to send the text SMS. GSM
module requires one SIM card. This module is capable to
accept any network SIM card. The GSM module used is
SIMCOM 300 which uses SIM memory to store the
number of system owner or housemates and distributor or
to whoever the messages have to be forwarded. It requires
very less memory to send and receive text messages and
operates on simple 12 Volt
5) Displays:
As the system performs controlling and monitoring
operations, it is primary requirement to put a display in the
system which shows various message such as gas leakage
detection, booking number of cylinder in case of refill of
cylinder and also will display actions taken by
microcontroller. The system requires two Liquid Crystal
Display (LCD) one of 16X2 characters operating on +5
Volt supply and operated in 4-bit mode is implemented for
the task of displaying required messages. And another is
seven segment display to display monitored weight of
LPG. Interfacing with ATMega16A and short code of
programming makes it very useful to make system more
users friendly.
B. Gas Leakage Detection and Prevention
The system mainly consists of LPG leakage detection
system, Microcontroller with GSM module and protection
circuitry. The main function of gas leakage detection
module which consist of gas sensor to continuously detect
the gas leakage in the air. For the gas leakage detection MQ6 placed in the vicinity of the gas cylinder. In the
advent of leakage, the resistance of the sensor decreases
increasing its conductivity. Corresponding pulse is fed to
microcontroller and results in simultaneously switches on
the buzzer and exhaust fan which we can reset by a
manual reset switch. MQ6 gas sensor which offers many
advantages like long lifetime, low cast, reliable and high
sensitive to LPG. Also a logic high pulse (+5 V) is given
as an interrupt to INT0 pin of ATMega16 Microcontroller.
Microcontroller sends a message “EMERGENCY
ALERT: LPG gas leakage found” to required cell numbers
via GSM module and the same will be displayed on LCD.
And with the help of Contactor the main power supply
switch in home will turned OFF. Also another sensor is
used to identify the requirement of LPG regulator ON or
OFF. Hence a logic high pulse is given to INT1 pin of
ATMega16 Microcontroller. It identifies the requirement
and motor get started hence it turned ON the LPG
regulator. In gas sensors Tin dioxide is the most common
material, when any specified gases leak in the air, the
electrical resistance in the sensor decreases. MQ6 gas
sensor has less sensitivity to air but high sensitivity to
combustible gases.
C. Automatic Gas Booking
In automatic Gas booking system, weight sensor L6D
continuously monitors the weight of the gas in cylinder
and displays it on seven segments LCD. When the weight
of the gas is <=7 Kg, a logic high pulse is fed to a port pin
of microcontroller. As this pin goes high, microcontroller
will send a booking message to gas agency of format,
"REG_AMANGAS_12345”. At the same time, the
message will be displayed on LCD as “Booking Cylinder”.
When the weight of the gas goes below 1 kg another logic
high pulse is fed to another port of microcontroller through
a relay circuit as discussed in truth table (figure 2). As this
port pin goes high, microcontroller will send a message as
“Less LPG, Please Refill your Cylinder” through a GSM
module to the customer’s cell number and the message
“Cylinder Empty, Please Refill” is displayed on the LCD
display.
The output of gas sensor MQ-6, contactor and load cell
L6D are given to the microcontroller. The output of
ATMega 16 is given to the SIMCOM 300, regulator motor
and LCD 16×2 display. The gas output of MQ6 is given to
the INT0 pin of ATMega 16 as far as the highest priority
is given to the leakage detection. The output of L6D is
amplified and digitized by A/D converter and is given to
the port pins PA0 and PA1 of ATMega 16 as per the truth