03-04-2012, 12:32 PM
BIO-GAS AND ITS SAFETY VALVES
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Introduction:
Biogas plants are biogas generating systems. Biogas formed after decomposition of organic wastes in biogas plants is piped or transported to homes for cooking and heating, and used on a large scale in many countries of the world today. The Biogas plants are considered to be the cheap sources of energy in rural areas. Biogas is also used for running engines for shaft and electrical power generation with little or nopollution.
India, envisaged a system of devolved, self-sufficient communities, sustaining their needs from the local environment, and organising income generating ventures around co-operative structures. Fifty years on, and Gandhi's vision of Swadeshi (self-sufficiency) for India, despite interpreted by some as a romantic and bucolic notion, is perhaps more urgent than ever. Diminishing forests, and a burgeoning, mainly rural biomass-dependent population of 984 million, necessitates a co-ordinated effort of rural India to supply itself with a dependable and sustained source of energy.
Why bio gas?
Biogas is a clean fuel produced through anaerobic digestion of several organic wastes like agricultural, animal, domestic and industrial. Made from organic waste matter after it is decomposed, biogas is tremendously used as fuel. A relatively clean burning, colorless, and odorless gas, biogas is composed of methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and some traces of nitrogen, ammonia (NH3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and hydrogen, dependingnthefeedstockused.
Manufacturing Process:
Biogas is produced in a no "oxygen is present" environment or in an anaerobic environment, when certain bacteria decompose organic material. The whole process is referred to as anaerobic digestion (AD). AD effectively treats the organic fraction of waste which has many benefits. The process not only leads to a healthy and clean environment, but also produces a renewable energy source like methane. The by-product produced during the process is a solid residue which is high-grade manure. In a biogas plant, biomass like vegetable wastes, animal excreta, and weeds undergo decomposition in the absence of oxygen and form a mixture of gases. This mixture is the biogas which is used as a fuel for cooking and lighting.
Factors hindering spread of Bio gas:
It would be worth briefly considering the problems associated with the alternative technology, in terms of technical/operational, economic, and cultural aspects, which may potentially hinder its spread. Finally, the government's overall approach in disseminating biogas technology will be considered.
Safety and Efficiency:
Frequently, comprehensive hazard assessment also helps to uncover hidden potential for savings in the operation of a biogas plant. The objective is to realize the best possible plant design within the framework defined by ordinances, standards and technical rules. By doing so, operators can assess the efficiency and competitiveness of their existing plants more precisely on the one hand, while gaining valuable information for possible future extensions or modernizations on the other.