23-04-2012, 12:52 PM
BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY
Biogas Technology.ppt (Size: 7.12 MB / Downloads: 314)
INTRODUCTION
Biogas is clean environment friendly fuel that can be obtained by digestion of animal residues and domestic and farm wastes, available in the countryside.
Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 % carbon dioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapor.
Average calorific value of biogas is 20 MJ/m3 (4713 kcal/m3).
An estimate indicates that India has a potential of generating 40 million m3 of biogas from 2000 million kg of bio waste produced daily.
WHERE DOES BIOGAS COME FROM?
Vegetation - When vegetation decomposes, it gives off methane gas.
Farm and ranch animals - cattle, chickens, pigs produce manure. When manure decomposes, it also gives off methane gas.
Sewage – The treatment of human waste in anaerobic digesters produces methane.
UTILIZATION OF BIOGAS
Cooking: Biogas can be used in a specially designed burner for cooking purpose. A biogas plant of 2 cubic metres capacity is sufficient for providing cooking fuel needs of a family of about five persons.
Lighting: Biogas is used in silk mantle lamps for lighting purpose. The requirement of gas for powering a 100 candle lamp (60 W) is 0.13 cubic metre per hour.
Power Generation: Biogas can be used to operate a dual fuel engine to replace up to 80 % of diesel-oil. Diesel engines have been modified to run 100 per cent on biogas. Petrol and CNG engines can also be modified easily to use biogas.
Transport Fuel: Biogas can be converted to natural gas quality for use in vehicles. Compressed biogas is becoming widely used in Sweden, Switzerland, and Germany. A biogas-powered train has been in service in Sweden since 2005.