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ABSTRACT−Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is intelligent because of
the brain. “Blue brain” is the name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine can
function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think,
response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into
machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the
virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge,
intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of
the human society.
INTRODUCTION
Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent
because of the brain. The brain translates the information delivered by the impulses, which
then enables the person to react. But we lose the knowledge of a brain when the body is
destroyed after the death of man. That knowledge might have been used for the development
of the human society. What happen if we create a brain and upload the contents of natural
brain into it?
This BLUE BRAIN project was founded in May 2005 by Henry Markram at the
EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland. Goals of the project are to gain a complete understanding of
the brain and to enable better and faster development of brain disease treatments. The
research involves studying slices of living brain tissue using microscopes and patch clamp
electrodes. Data is collected about all the many different neuron types. This data is used to
build biologically realistic models of neurons and networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex.
The simulations are carried out on a Blue Gene supercomputer built by IBM, hence the name
"Blue Brain". The simulation software is based on Michael Hines's NEURON, together with
other custom-built components.
1.1 Blue Brain – Definition
It would be the world’s first virtual brain. The IBM is now developing a virtual brain
known as the Blue brain. Within 30 years, we will be able to scan ourselves into the
computers. We can say it as Virtual Brain i.e. an artificial brain which is not actually a natural
brain, but can act as a brain. It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past
experience, and respond as a natural brain. It is possible by using a super computer, with a
huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain
and artificial one. Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded
into the computer. So the brain and the knowledge, intelligence of anyone can be kept and
used for ever, even after the death of the person.
1.2 Need Of Blue Brain
Human society is always in need of such intelligence and such an intelligent brain to
have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death. The virtual brain is
a solution to it. The brain and intelligence will be alive even after the death. We often face
difficulties in remembering things such as people names, their birthdays, and the spellings of
words, proper grammar, important dates, history facts, and etcetera. In the busy life everyone
wants to be relaxed. Virtual brain may be a better solution for it.
1.3 Possibility
Many people believe firmly those we possess a soul, while some very technical
people believe that quantum forces contribute to our awareness. But we have to now think
technically. Really this concept appears to be very difficult and complex.
First, it is helpful to describe the basic manners in which a person may be uploaded
into a computer. Raymond Kurzweil recently provided an interesting paper on this topic. In
it, he describes both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The most promising is the use of
very small robots, or nanobots. These robots will be small enough to travel throughout our
circulatory systems. Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the
activity and structure of our central nervous system. They will be able to provide an interface
with computers that is as close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological
form. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete
readout of the connections between each neuron. They would also record the current state of
the brain. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function
like us. All that is required is a computer with large enough storage space and
processing power.
Natural Brain
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The brain essentially serves as the body’s information processing centre. It receives
signals from sensory neurons (nerve cell bodies and their axons and dendrites) in the central and peripheral nervous system, and in response it generates and sends new signals that
instruct the corresponding parts of the body to move or react in some way. It also integrates
signals received with signals from adjacent areas of the brain, giving rise perception and
consciousness. The brain weighs about 1500 grams (3 pounds) and constitutes about 2% of
total body weight. It consists of three major divisions:
- The massive paired hemispheres of the cerebrum.
- The brainstem, consisting of the thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus,
midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata.
- The cerebellum.
2, Functioning Of Natural Human Brain
The human ability to feel, interpret and even see is controlled, in computer like calculations,
by the magical nervous system. The nervous system is quite like magic because we can’t see
it, but its working through electric impulses through the body. One of the world’s most
"intricately organized" electron mechanisms is the nervous system. Not even engineers have
come close for making circuit boards and computers as delicate and precise as the nervous
system.
The three simple functions that it puts into action: sensory input, integration, motor output.
2.1 Sensory input
When our eyes see something or our hands touch a warm surface, the sensory cells, also
known as neurons, send a message straight to your brain. This action of getting information
from your surrounding environment is called sensory input because we are putting things in
your brain by way of your senses.
2.2 Integration
Integration is best known as the interpretation of things we have felt, tasted, and touched with
our sensory cells, also known as neurons, into responses that the body recognizes. This
process is all accomplished in the brain where many neurons work together to understand the
environment.
2.3 Motor Output:
Once our brain has interpreted all that we have learned, either by touching, tasting, or using
any other sense, then our brain sends a message through neurons to effecter cells, muscle or
gland cells, which actually work to perform our requests and act upon the environment.
How Sensory Organs Work
3.1 Nose
The smell reaches and travels to an olfactory bulb – a set of sensory nerves. The nerve
impulses travel through the olfactory tract, around, in a circular way, the thalamus and finally
to the sensory cortex of brain located between our eye and ear.
3.2 Eye
Seeing action is conducted by the lens, which magnifies the image; vitreous disc,
which bends and rotates the image against the retina, which translates the image and light by
a set of cells. The retina with rods, cones and other cells and tissues at the back of the eyeball
convert the image into nerve impulses which is transmitted along the optic nerve to the brain.
3.3 Tongue
The microscopic buds with taste pore on the tongue convert the taste into a nerve
impulse and the impulse is sent to the brain by a sensory nerve fibre.
3.4 Ear
The sound waves reach the cochlea. Here the sound is divided into pitches. This
organ transmits the vibration information to a nerve, which sends it to the brain.
4, Comparison between Natural and Simulated Brain:
By comparing the functions of natural brain with the simulation of electrodes it will
be easy to build the blue brain.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, we will be able to transfer ourselves into computers at some point. Most
arguments against this outcome are seemingly easy to circumvent. They are either simple
minded, or simply require further time for technology to increase. The only serious threats
raised are also overcome as we note the combination of biological and digital technologies.
While the road ahead is long, already researches have been gaining great insights from their
model.
Using the Blue Gene supercomputers, up to 100 cortical columns, 1 million neurons,
and 1 billion synapses can be simulated at once. This is roughly equivalent to the brain power
of a honey bee. Humans, by contrast, have about 2 million columns in their cortices. Despite
the sheer complexity of such an endeavour, it is predicted that the project will be capable of
this by the year 2023.