01-10-2016, 03:26 PM
1457331314-774314558bluebraintechnology1403857327.docx (Size: 1.47 MB / Downloads: 5)
ABSTRACT−Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is intelligent because of the brain. “Blue brain” is the name of the world’s first virtual brain. That means a machine can function as human brain. Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, response, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man .So, even after the death of a person we will not lose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man that can be used for the development of the human society.
INTRODUCTION
Human brain is the most valuable creation of God. The man is called intelligent because of the brain. The brain translates the information delivered by the impulses, which then enables the person to react. But we lose the knowledge of a brain when the body is destroyed after the death of man. That knowledge might have been used for the development of the human society. What happen if we create a brain and upload the contents of natural brain into it?
This BLUE BRAIN project was founded in May 2005 by Henry Markram at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland. Goals of the project are to gain a complete understanding of the brain and to enable better and faster development of brain disease treatments. The research involves studying slices of living brain tissue using microscopes and patch clamp electrodes. Data is collected about all the many different neuron types. This data is used to build biologically realistic models of neurons and networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex. The simulations are carried out on a Blue Gene supercomputer built by IBM, hence the name "Blue Brain". The simulation software is based on Michael Hines's NEURON, together with
other custom-built components.
1.1 Blue Brain – Definition
It would be the world’s first virtual brain. The IBM is now developing a virtual brain known as the Blue brain. Within 30 years, we will be able to scan ourselves into the computers. We can say it as Virtual Brain i.e. an artificial brain which is not actually a natural brain, but can act as a brain. It can think like brain, take decisions based on the past
experience, and respond as a natural brain. It is possible by using a super computer, with a huge amount of storage capacity, processing power and an interface between the human brain and artificial one. Through this interface the data stored in the natural brain can be up loaded into the computer. So the brain and the knowledge, intelligence of anyone can be kept and used for ever, even after the death of the person.
1.2 Need Of Blue Brain
Human society is always in need of such intelligence and such an intelligent brain to have with. But the intelligence is lost along with the body after the death. The virtual brain is a solution to it. The brain and intelligence will be alive even after the death. We often face difficulties in remembering things such as people names, their birthdays, and the spellings of words, proper grammar, important dates, history facts, and etcetera. In the busy life everyone wants to be relaxed. Virtual brain may be a better solution for it.
1.3 Possibility
Many people believe firmly those we possess a soul, while some very technical people believe that quantum forces contribute to our awareness. But we have to now think technically. Really this concept appears to be very difficult and complex.
First, it is helpful to describe the basic manners in which a person may be uploaded into a computer. Raymond Kurzweil recently provided an interesting paper on this topic. In it, he describes both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The most promising is the use of very small robots, or nanobots. These robots will be small enough to travel throughout our circulatory systems. Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system. They will be able to provide an interface
with computers that is as close as our mind can be while we still reside in our biological form. Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connections between each neuron. They would also record the current state of the brain. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function like us. All that is required is a computer with large enough storage space and processing power.
2, Functioning Of Natural Human Brain
The human ability to feel, interpret and even see is controlled, in computer like calculations, by the magical nervous system. The nervous system is quite like magic because we can’t see it, but its working through electric impulses through the body. One of the world’s most "intricately organized" electron mechanisms is the nervous system. Not even engineers have come close for making circuit boards and computers as delicate and precise as the nervous system.
The three simple functions that it puts into action: sensory input, integration, motor output.
2.1 Sensory input
When our eyes see something or our hands touch a warm surface, the sensory cells, also known as neurons, send a message straight to your brain. This action of getting information from your surrounding environment is called sensory input because we are putting things in your brain by way of your senses.
2.2 Integration
Integration is best known as the interpretation of things we have felt, tasted, and touched with our sensory cells, also known as neurons, into responses that the body recognizes. This process is all accomplished in the brain where many neurons work together to understand the environment.
2.3 Motor Output:
Once our brain has interpreted all that we have learned, either by touching, tasting, or using any other sense, then our brain sends a message through neurons to effecter cells, muscle or gland cells, which actually work to perform our requests and act upon the environment.
How Sensory Organs W
3.1 Nose
The smell reaches and travels to an olfactory bulb – a set of sensory nerves. The nerve
impulses travel through the olfactory tract, around, in a circular way, the thalamus and finally to the sensory cortex of brain located between our eye and ear.
3.2 Eye
Seeing action is conducted by the lens, which magnifies the image; vitreous disc,
which bends and rotates the image against the retina, which translates the image and light by a set of cells. The retina with rods, cones and other cells and tissues at the back of the eyeball convert the image into nerve impulses which is transmitted along the optic nerve to the brain.
3.3 Tongue
The microscopic buds with taste pore on the tongue convert the taste into a nerve
impulse and the impulse is sent to the brain by a sensory nerve fibre.
3.4 Ear
The sound waves reach the cochlea. Here the sound is divided into pitches. This
organ transmits the vibration information to a nerve, which sends it to the brain.
4, Comparison between Natural and Simulated Brain:
By comparing the functions of natural brain with the simulation of electrodes it will be easy to build the blue brain