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ABSTRACT:
The aim of the blue eyes technology is to give human power or abilities to a computer, so that the machine can naturally interact with human beings as we interact with each other.Is it possible to create a computer, which can interact with us as we interact each other? For example imagine in a fine morning you walk on to your computer room and switch on your computer, and then it tells you “Hey friend, good morning you seem to be a bad mood today. And then it opens your mail box and shows you some of the mails and tries to cheer you. It seems to be a fiction, but it will be the life lead by “BLUE EYES” in the very near future.
The basic idea behind this technology is to give the computer the human power. We all have some perceptual abilities. That is we can understand each other’s feelings. For example we can understand ones emotional state by analyzing his facial expression. If we add these perceptual abilities of human to computers would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners. The “BLUE EYES” technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. In this technology BLUE stands for bluetooth, which enables reliable wireless communication and EYES related to the movement of the eye that enables us to see lot of interesting and important information. The world of science cannot be measured in terms of development and progress. It has now reached to the technology known as “Blue eyes technology” that can sense and control human emotions and feelings through gadgets. The eyes, fingers, speech are the elements which help to sense the emotion level of human body. The basic idea behind this technology is to give the computer the human power.H uman cognition and survival of animals depends on highly developed sensory abilities to perceive, integrate, and interpret visual, auditory, and touch information. Without a doubt, computers would be much more powerful if they had even a small fraction of the perceptual ability of animals or humans. Adding such perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers and humans to work together more as partners. Blue Eyes uses sensing technology to identify a user's actions and to extract key information. This information is then analyzed to determine the user's physical, emotional, or informational state, which in turn can be used to help make the user more productive by performing expected actions or by providing expected information. This paper aims at specifying the viewing system of blue eyes. Also mentioned are the applications of the blue eyes technology.
1.INTRODUCTION:
Imagine yourself in a world where humans interact with computers. You are sitting in front of your personal computer that can listen, talk, or even scream aloud. It has the ability to gather information about you and interact with you through special techniques like facial recognition, speech recognition, etc. It can even understand your emotions at the touch of the mouse. It verifies your identity, feels your presents, and starts interacting with you .You asks the computer to dial to your friend at his office. It realizes the urgency of the situation through the mouse, dials your friend at his office, and establishes a connection. Human cognition depends primarily on the ability to perceive, interpret, and integrate audio-visuals and sensoring information. Adding extraordinary perceptual abilities to computers would enable computers to work together with human beings as intimate partners. Researchers are attempting to add more capabilities to computers that will allow them to interact like humans, recognize human presents, talk, listen, or even guess their feelings. The BLUE EYES technology aims at creating computational machines that have perceptual and sensory ability like those of human beings. It uses non-obtrusive sensing method, employing most modern video cameras and microphones to identify the user’s actions through the use of imparted sensory abilities. The machine can understand what a user wants, where he is looking at, and even realize his physical or emotional states.
2. SYSTEM OVERVIEW:
Blue eyes system monitors the status of the operator’s visual attention through measurement of saccadic activity. The system checks parameters like heart beat rate and blood oxygenation against abnormal and triggers user defined alarms. BlueEyes system consists of a mobile measuring device and a central analytical system. The mobile device is integrated with Bluetooth module providing wireless interface between sensors worn by the operator and the central unit. ID cards assigned to each of the operators and adequate user profiles on the central unit side provide necessary data personalization so the system consists of
• Mobile measuring device (DAU)
• Central System Unit (CSU)
2.1 THE HARDWARE
Data Acquisition Unit :
Data Acquisition Unit is a mobile part of the Blue eyes system. Its main task is to fetch the physiological data from the sensor and to send it to the central system to be processed. To accomplish the task the device must manage wireless Bluetooth connections (connection establishment, authentication and termination). Personal ID cards and PIN codes provide operator's authorization. Communication with the operator is carried on using a simple 5-key keyboard, a small LCD display and a beeper. When an exceptional situation is detected the device uses them to notify the operator. Voice data is transferred using a small headset, interfaced to the DAU with standard mini-jack plugs.
The Data Acquisition Unit comprises several hardware modules
• Atmel 89C52 microcontroller - system core
• Bluetooth module (based on ROK101008)
• HD44780 - small LCD display
• 24C16 - I2C EEPROM (on a removable ID card)
Central System Unit :
Central System Unit hardware is the second peer of the wireless connection. The box contains a Bluetooth module (based on ROK101008) and a PCM codec for voice data transmission. The module is interfaced to a PC using a parallel, serial and USB cable. The audio data is accessible through standard mini-jack sockets To program operator's personal ID cards we developed a simple programming device. The programmer is interfaced to a PC using serial and PS/2 (power source) ports. Inside, there is Atmel 89C2051 microcontroller, which handles UART transmission and I2C EEPROM (ID card) programming.
2.2THE SOFTWARE:
Blue Eyes software’s main task is to look after working operators' physiological condition. To assure instant reaction on the operators' condition change the software performs real time buffering of the incoming data, real-time physiological data analysis and alarm triggering. The Blue Eyes software comprises several functional modules System core facilitates the transfers flow between other system modules (e.g. transfers raw data from the Connection Manager to data analyzers, processed data from the data analyzers to GUI controls, other data analyzers, data logger etc.). The System Core fundamental are single-producer-multi-consumer thread safe queues. Any number of consumers can register to receive the data supplied by a producer. Every single consumer can register at any number of producers, receiving therefore different types of data. Naturally, every consumer may be a producer for other consumers. This approach enables high system scalability – new data processing modules (i.e. filters, data analyzers and loggers) can be easily added by simply registering as a costumer.
Connection Manager is responsible for managing the wireless communication between the mobile Data Acquisition Units and the central system. The Connection Manager handles:
• communication with the CSU hardware
• searching for new devices in the covered range
• establishing Bluetooth connections
• connection authentication
• incoming data buffering
• sending alerts
Data Analysis module performs the analysis of the raw sensor data in order to obtain information about the operator’s physiological condition. The separately running Data Analysis module supervises each of the working operators. The module consists of a number of smaller analyzers extracting different types of information. Each of the analyzers registers at the appropriate Operator Manager or another analyzer as a data consumer and, acting as a producer, provides the results of the analysis. The most important analyzers are:
• Saccade detector - monitors eye movements in order to determine the level of operator's visual attention
• Pulse rate analyzer - uses blood oxygenation signal to compute operator's pulse rate
• Custom analyzers - recognize other behaviors than those which are built-in the system. The new modules are created using C4.5 decision tree induction algorithm
Visualization module provides a user interface for the supervisors. It enables them to watch each of the working operator’s physiological condition along with a preview of selected video source and related sound stream. All the incoming alarm messages are instantly signaled to the supervisor. The Visualization module can be set in an offline mode, where all the data is fetched from the database. Watching all the recorded physiological parameters, alarms, video and audio data the supervisor is able to reconstruct the course of the selected operator’s duty. The physiological data is presented using a set of custom-built GUI controls:
• a pie-chart used to present a percentage of time the operator was actively acquiring the visual information
• A VU-meter showing the present value of a parameter time series displaying a history of selected parameters' value.
TECHNIQUES OF BLUE EYES TECHHNOLOGY:
Emotional Mouse :- It obtains physiological data and emotional state such as pulse, pressure, skin temperature, heart rate, etc through the touch of user on mouse where different sensors (such as pressure sensor, heart rate sensor, GSR sensor, temperature sensor) are deployed inside it. Then it determines the personality of the user.
Manual And Gage Input Cascading (Magic Pointing) :- A webcam is used to quickly determine the glints and pupils of the user under variable and real lightning conditions and wrap the cursor to every new object user looks at. Then user get control of the target by hand near the target or ignores it and search for next one.
Advantages of MAGIC Pointing Technique:
Reduced physical effort compared with the traditional manual pointing techniques.
Greater spontaneity than traditional manual pointing
Drawbacks of MAGIC Pointing Technique:
The unconscious jittery movement that an eye continually makes and also the one degree size of the fovea, eye gaze method is not accurately enough to perform UI widgets such as slider handles, scrollbars and hyperlinks on the Graphic User Interfaces.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENT SPEECH RECOGNITION :
It is important to consider the environment in which the speech recognition system has to work. The grammar used by the speaker and accepted by the system, noise level, noise type, position of the microphone, and speed and manner of the user’s speech are some factors that may affect the quality of speech recognition . This is artificial intelligence where an automatic call-handling system is used without employing any telephone operator.
6.1 THE TECHNOLOGY
Artificial intelligence (AI) involves two basic ideas. First, it involves studying the thought processes of human beings. Second, it deals with representing those processes via machines (like computers, robots).
6.2 SPEECH RECOGNITION
The user speaks to the computer through a microphone, which, in used; a simple system may contain a minimum of three filters. The more the number of filters used, the higher the probability of accurate recognition. This digital information, representing the spoken word, is now accessed by the CPU to process it further. The normal speech has a frequency range of 200 Hz to 7 kHz. Recognizing a telephone call is more difficult as it has bandwidth limitation of 300 Hz to3.3 kHz.The binary representation of each of these words becomes a template or standard, against which the future words are compared. These templates are stored in the memory. Once the storing process is completed, the system can go into its active mode and is capable of identifying spoken words. The values of binary input words are subtracted from the corresponding values in the templates. If both the values are same, the difference is zero and there is perfect match.
3.EMOTION COMPUTING :
Rosalind Picard (1997) describes why emotions are important to the computing community. There are two aspects of affective computing: giving the computer the ability to detect emotions and giving the computer the ability to express emotions. Not only are emotions crucial for rational decision making as Picard describes, but emotion detection is an important step to an adaptive computer system. An adaptive, smart computer system has been driving our efforts to detect a person’s emotional state. An important element of incorporating emotion into computing is for productivity for a computer user. A study (Dryer & Horowitz, 1997) has shown that people with personalities that are similar or complement each other collaborate well. Dryer (1999) has also shown that people view their computer as having a personality. For these reasons, it is important to develop computers which can work well with its user.
3.1THEORY :
Based on Paul Ekman’s facial expression work, we see a correlation between a person’s emotional state and a person’s physiological measurements. Selected works from Ekman and others on measuring facial behaviors describe Ekman’s Facial Action Coding System (Ekman and Rosenberg, 1997). One of his experiments involved participants attached to devices to record certain measurements including pulse, galvanic skin response (GSR), temperature, somatic movement and blood pressure. He then recorded the measurements as the participants were instructed to mimic facial expressions which corresponded to the six basic emotions. He defined the six basic emotions as anger, fear, sadness, disgust, joy and surprise. From this work, Dryer (1993) determined how physiological measures could be used to distinguish various emotional states. The measures taken were GSR, heart rate, skin temperature and general somatic activity (GSA). These data were then subject to two analyses. For the first analysis, a multidimensional scaling (MDS) procedure was used to determine the dimensionality of the data
3.2RESULT:
The data for each subject consisted of scores for four physiological assessments [GSA, GSR, pulse, and skin temperature, for each of the six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise)] across the five minute baseline and test sessions. GSA data was sampled 80 times per second, GSR and temperature were reported approximately 3-4 times per second and pulse was recorded as a beat was detected, approximately 1 time per second. To account for individual variance in physiology, we calculated the difference between the baseline and test scores. Scores that differed by more than one and a half standard deviations from the mean were treated as missing. By this criterion, twelve score were removed from the analysis. The results show the theory behind the Emotion mouse work is fundamentally sound. The physiological measurements were correlated to emotions using a correlation model. The correlation model is derived from a calibration process in which a baseline attribute-to emotion correlation is rendered based on statistical analysis of calibration signals generated by users having emotions that are measured or otherwise known at calibration time.
EMOTION SENSORY WORLD:
Human emotion is a visible proof of effective state, personality, emotional state and cognitive activity. There has been a lot of work
done on blue eyes technology. This paper presents number of techniques proposed to identify emotional state of a person. Accordingto Ekman, the neuro-part of the theory mention the partly innate and biological program, called a facial affect program, which
specifies the relationships between various movements of the facial muscles and particular emotions (happiness, sadness, anger,
surprise). According to Ekman findings during:
Happiness :- the eyes are relaxed ;
Anger :-The forehead are pulled down and inward; no sclera is shown in the eyes;
Sadness :- The brows are drawn together with the inner corners raised and the outer corners lowered ; the eyes are glazed;
Surprise :-The eyebrows are raised and curved.
In this paper a new technique Emotion Sensory World of blue eyes technology have been deals with the detection of emotions of
human through the texture of eye because eyes are window to the soul that they can tell much about person internal state just by
gazing into them, a camera will capture the image of a person and focuses on the eye area by using texture filtering algorithm which
is then compared with the list of images place in data base .The correct image that identifies the emotion of a person is shown on the
window, after detecting the emotion a song is played in order to normalize the mood of person.
APPLICATION AREAS OF BLUE EYES TECHNOLOGY
1. Users emotions can beneficial in marketing intelligence for banks and retailers.
2. Blue Eyes is related to measure the pulse of the human while operating the system. It is useful in Medical diagnosis.
3. Blue Eyes can be used in education programs, enable computers to observe students emotional state (frustration, excitement,
and so on) and adjust information delivery accordingly.
4. It can be used as an adjunct in liedetector tests and in security systems that attempt to identify people by their faces.
5. A car equipped with an affective computing system could indentify when a driver is feeling sleepy and advise her to pull over
ADVANTAGES:
• Prevention from dangerous incidents
• Physiological condition monitoring
• Operators position detection
LIMITATIONS:
• Target not selected if not looked at for a set Threshold
• Target selected if stared at without user Intention
FUTUREENHANCEMENTS:
This study work can be extended to home appliances where it can perform various tasks within home premises through blue eye
technology. Further as a world is digitizing and we are moving towards robotic world, several human activities can be shrunk with
emotion sensory world tool. The tool or system is fitted in robot with eye emotions which detects what is the demand and the action can be taken by robot accordingly.
CONCLUSION:
The paper present two results of emotional sensory world. First, observation reveals the fact that different eye colors and their results in change in emotions. It changes without giving any information on shape and actual detected emotion. It is used to favourably recognize four different emotions of eyes. In the near future ,ordinary household devices- such as television , refrigerators, ovens may be able to do their jobs when we look at them and speak to them.Unlimited Future applications of blue eye technology would boom the market.