11-04-2012, 10:35 AM
BSNL
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1.1 Introduction
Today Bharat Sanchar Nigam (BSNL) is the popular telecommunication company and the largest public sector undertaking of India and its responsibilities includes improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of telecom services in all villages and instilling confidence among its customers. Apart from vast network expansions, especial emphasis has given for introducing latest technologies and new services like Internet Working (I-NET), Inter New enable technologies (INTERNET), Integrated services Digital Network (ISDN), Intelligent Network (IN), Global System For Mobile communication (GSM) and Wireless In Local Loop (WLL) services etc. Now BSNL has also entered in mobile communication. BSNL has all the new services send technological advantages, which are available with any well, developed Telecom network anywhere else in the country. Full credit for all above achievement goes to the officers and staff of the BSNL. The administration is fully aware of the challenges lying ahead and quite committed to provide the latest and best telecom services
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited is Integrated Telecom service provider. It is a Government of India Telecom Operator for more than 150 years. It provided services in each nook and corner of the country covering all Districts, Headquarters, almost all villages, Cities etc. It provides Fixed line, Mobile (2G,3G) Broadband Services (Wire line and Wireless), It supports all initiatives of Government in Telecom including Defense, Education, Information Technology, Agriculture, Health etc. It is the biggest Telecom Infrastructure in India.
This mini Project presents about Broadband and its deployment through National Internet Backbone-II infrastructure, Organ control Bhersion (OCB-283) switching at BSNL Velampeta exchange, Visakhapatnam. The architecture of OCB-283 is also clearly described. Broadband using DSL and ADSL wired technologies and their frequency spectrum is described.
1.2 BSNL Services
When it comes connecting the four corners of the country , and much beyond , one solitary name lies embedded at the pinnacle - BSNL. A company that has gone past the number games and the quest to attain the position of the leader. It is working round the clock to take India in to the future by providing excellent telecom services for people of India. Driven by the very best of telecom technology from global leaders, it connects each inch of India to the infinite corners of the globe, to enable.
The telecom services have been recognized the world over as an important tool for socio-economic development for a nation and hence telecom infrastructure is treated a crucial factor to realize the socio-economic objectives in India. Accordingly the Department of Telecom has been formulating developmental policies for the accelerated growth of the telecommunication services in various cities. The department is also responsible for frequency management in the field of radio connection in close coordination with the international bodies. It is working round the clock to take India into the future by providing world class telecom services for people of India. BSNL is India's no.1 Telecom Service provider and most trusted Telecom brand of the Nation. Driven by the very best of telecom technology from chosen global leaders, it connects each inch of the nation to the infinite corners of the globe, to enable you to step into tomorrow.
1.3 Organization of the report
A study has been carried out and it is summarized in 6 chapters and organized as follows
• Chapter 1 gives an Overview of BSNL and its services
• Chapter 2 discusses about the infrastructures of power plant
• Chapter 3 discusses about Introduction of Organ Control Bhersion (OCB), features, functional components, hardware architecture
• Chapter 4 gives description about National Internet Backbone (NIB) services and architecture
• Chapter 5 discusses about BROAD BAND services
• Chapter 6 discusses about Dot Soft network elements
INFRASTRUCTURE OF POWER PLANT
2.1 Introduction to the Power Plant
All the equipment, including structural members, that constitutes a unit power source is the power plant of a truck. A complex of structures, machinery, and associated equipment for generating electric energy from another source of energy, such as nuclear reactions or a hydroelectric dam. It is also called power house or power station.
As we know that, the power is the main source for any organization. In BSNL the E- 10B (Electronic10 for Digital B for Version B) exchange is the first electronic digital exchange made by France in 1971. The first requirement of any organization is the input. The main source of this exchange is AC supply. Even if the power supply gone off. Thus there must be adjustment source of power.
The main parts of the power room are
2.1.1Batteries
An electrical battery is one or more electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Since the invention of the first battery (or “voltai pile “)"in 1800 by Alessandro Volta, batteries have become a common power source for many household and industrial applications. These are the instant sources of the power as soon as power is gone off.
2.1.2Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS)
The UPS must give supply to the computer. As we know there is some equipment which can withstand any type of power supply, but there are also some instruments which cannot withstand with this type of power supply, even a microsecond delay will cause the loss of data.
2.1.3Charging - Discharging Unit
The batteries used in the power room need timely charging. As soon as the AC power supply is ON, charging unit is used in the power room. The slowly charging of the batteries is known as the trickle charging. But sometimes it uses the booster charging(fast charging). In this type of charging we take the batteries from the load and charge separately, until it gets fully charged. The main work of the discharging unit is to control the discharging of the batteries.
2.1.4Inverter and Converter Unit
The main use of this system is to change AC mains to DC and vice versa as required by the parts of exchange.
2.1.5 Engine Room
We know that the batteries are the instant source of supply but we cannot use it for much larger time, thus for this, we have an engine to generate the power supply. They are of 885 KVA. Thus, this room controls the supply of the engine.
2.2 Central Air Conditioner Unit
For the function of electrical equipment, cooling system is basic requirement. The basic advantages of cooling systems are following
• It provides the thermal stability so that the temperature does not reach the tolerance limit of electronic equipment.
• It saves equipment from dust so to avoid malfunction of equipment’s.
• It protects equipment from excess humidity which can caused rusting of equipment
The basic unit of measurement used in the industry is known as “ton of refrigeration” (TR) which is equivalent to the heat extracted in 24 hours for converting thousands kg of liquid to ice at zero degree. The compressor is the heart of the Alternating current (AC) system and the costliest. It increases the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant gas coming from the evaporator coils by compressing it. Compressor comes in various types. The most widely used is simple reciprocal type a cylinder and piston arrangement. For capacity more than 120 TR, centrifugal compressors are used.
The condenser liquefies the refrigerant gas by a heat exchange process. The capillary tube or the expansion valve pressurizes liquid refrigerant and meters it flows to the evaporator. The refrigerant then passes through the evaporator coils, which extract heat out of the ambience.
2.3 Main Distribution Frame (MDF)
The fault of telephone number is removed in the MDF. It is called as Fault Remove Section. For removing the fault of telephone number, it uses the testing. These testing are group testing . For any type of testing firstly we need the vertical no. or the live tester, printer and computer test Number of Equipment (N.E) number of that particular telephone number. The telephone numbers are also disconnected in the MDF
2.3.1 Vertical Side
The vertical aside connected to the underground cable. This cable is having 100 pairs. These pair is distributed when we allot the telephone number to the subscriber.
Vertical side is again subdivided in two parts
• One part is connected with the horizontal side and
• The other part is connected with the subscriber line by using 100 pair underground cable.
2.3.2 Horizontal Side
It is again subdivided in to two parts
• Exchange side
• Line side
2.3.2.1 RACK
On the rack, the tags are situated. One rack is having eight tags. The counting is done from up (0) to down (7).
2.3.2.2 TAG
Each rack consists of eight tags.
1 tag = 4 core
1 core = 4 bunch
1 bunch = 2 lines
N.E. The word NE stands for the ‘Number of Equipment’.
It is a 128 pair cable. The EWSD and MDF connected by NE.
2.3.2.3 WEDGE
If we want to disconnect any two numbers then we insert a wedge between subscriber side and exchange side. Here wedge works as insulator made of plastic.