11-04-2013, 04:14 PM
Green energy
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ABSTRACT
The energy recovered from the alternative sources is known as the green energy.
Electricity requirements of the world including India are increasing at alarming rate and the power demand has been running ahead of supply. It is also now widely recognized that the fossil fuels (i.e., coal, petroleum and natural gas) and other conventional resources, presently being used for generation of electrical energy, may not be either sufficient or suitable to keep pace with ever increasing demand of the electrical energy of the world. Also generation of electrical power by cold based steam power plant or nuclear power plants causes pollution, which is likely to be more acute in future due to large generating capacity on one side and greater awareness of the people in this respect.The recent severe energy crisis has forced the world to develop new and alternative methods of power generation, which could not be adopted so far due to various reasons.
INTRODUCTION:
In India more than 1,00,000 villages are in darkness due to the lack of electricity. We know that the world also will dark within a 20-30 years for the continue usage of the non-renewable energy resources. So all over the world are turned into the green energy.
Green energy is nothing but the alternative energy resources like the solar, wind, geo-thermal, tidal power and others.
First we have to concentrate on our villages. Because we don’t have the potential to generate or supply due to the GRID SYSTEM of India (except Tamil Nadu).
We can grow the darkened villages into bright. We give some ideas infront of your knowledge.
Fossil Fuels: Going…Going… Gone?
Tomorrow… next week… next month… next year…next decade…in the foreseeable future…the deadlines sounding the knell of fossil fuel reserves have been habitually extended. But the horizons are always extended. Confirmed estimates by the end of twentieth century reveal that proven reserves of oil would last forty-four years, gas reserves will be around for seventy or more while coal reserves would last two hundred and twentyone years. A single example will illustrate how wrong these alarming predictions have been: In the Persian Gulf, estimated reserves in 1944 were twenty-one billion barrels.
Cumulative production from 1944 to 1993 was one hundred and eighty-eight billion barrels, nine times the 1944 estimate, and remaining reserves in 1993 were six hundred and thirtythree billion barrels, thirty-two times the 1944 estimate.11
Oil and gas reserves in India may not generate a lot of excitement. Current estimates show total oil reserves of 5.7 billion barrels, enough to last a dozen years or so at the present levels of consumption. Gas consumption, at 0.795 trillion cubic feet already exceeded production in 2000.12 Should alarm bells be ringing in India? Not so quickly.
Do Renewable Sources Become Cheaper?
Will the additional costs involved in pollution control and reduced emissions make electric power from fossil fuels more expensive than renewable sources? Not at all, as evidence from the 1990s would suggest. ‘Reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and sulphur dioxide by seventy-five percent below 1997 levels (the most common proposal) would increase electricity prices by about one percent, too little to trigger a shift from coal or natural gas to renewable energy. The Energy Information Administration (EIA) notes that while scrubbers, selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction can be expensive, they generally are not costly enough to make existing coal fired plants uneconomical.
A one percent increase in the price of fossil fuel fired electric power would leave
renewable sources at least fifty percent more expensive than fossil fuels. In some cases, the renewable sources would continue to be more than thrice as expensive as fossil fuels. It obviously makes economic sense to invest in pollution control technologies than in new
power plants using renewable energy.
Concept of Solar Multi-Utility Centre (SMU)
A SMU is basically a stand-alone off-grid SPV energy based centralized charging station that is optimally designed to provide electricity to operate appliances under one roof and also charge battery based utilities.
Centrally located within a village, the applications and facilities included in this SMU centre is maintained by a local entrepreneur and provided at affordable fee-for-service to the beneficiaries of the villages.
Thorough scoping exercises in the village resulted in the identification of range applications such as powering of bamboo stick making machine, turmeric grinding machine, water purifier and charging of small batteries, solar lanterns Etc.
The appliances were suitably motorized and customized for efficient integration into the SMU along with suitably sizing and designing the other BoS components such as PCU, charge controllers, junction boxes etc. for powering the various AC and DC appliances.
While retaining the flexibility of interconnection of solar modules as per requirement, the SMU was divided into three sub-systems with exclusive SPV array capacity dedicated to each sub-system so that the solar power could be optimally utilized with ensured operational hours for each application.
VILLAGE HYBRID GRIDS:
Village Hybrid Grids (VHG) can be installed in of any size. Villages with a VHG are not connected to the main electrical network or “grid”, thus prior to the installation of a VHG they have no access to electricity. Multiple sources of energy (these can include, solar, hydro, batteries, generator villages or wind) supply the electricity requirements of the village. The different sources of energy are strategically designed to accommodate the fluctuating loads of the village throughout the day and night. VHGs are typically the best renewable energy option when it comes to providing energy 24 hours a day.
HOW IT WORKS
Within the hybrid system, Sunlabob combines solar, hydro, batteries, generator and wind resources and feeds them into the same village grid. The HVG utilises solar energy, which is always available during the day, and generators as back-up systems when water flow levels are low at different points of the year. This combination helps to go beyond improving living conditions and moves towards increasing income for households.
The electrification from local hybrid grids enables households and local industries to satisfy their daily energy needs. Formerly, the high acquisition and maintenance costs hindered a wide diffusion of these systems.
There had to be high subsidies in order to make the energy affordable to the majority of villagers who had unstable incomes.
CONCLUSION:
This all has been done when the village people co-operate with the controllers of this project.
This is the known renewable energy but the unknown concept.
We should make the project first in Tamil Nadu then the others states of India.