29-03-2014, 01:02 PM
Biochemical changes in experimental diabetes before and after treatment with mangifera indica and psidium guava extracts
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ABSTRACT
Male adult albino rats were used to study the hypoglycemic effect of Mangifera
indica and Psidium guajava aqueous extracts either used individually or in
combination of as well as the effect of glibenclamide as reference sulfonylureas
drug at the dose level of 0.5 mg/kg body weight in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.
Preliminary test using different doses of each plant indicated that the most effective
doses were 250 mg/kg body weight for each plant. Our studies was extended to
include the effect of the tested doses on different biochemical parameters including
serum insulin concentration, hepatic glycogen content, total proteins, total lipids
and transaminases activities in serum and liver. The obtained data of the above
mentioned investigations revealed great alleviation of the impaired glucose
tolerance, serum insulin and hepatic glycogen content, also serum and hepatic total
protein contents were increased as a result of treatment. In STZ-diabetic rats, the
activities of (ALT, AST and ALP) either detected in sera or hepatic tissues were
increased, then the activities were improved as a result of treatments.
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a complex and a multivarious group of
disorders that disturbs the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat
and protein [1,2] characterized by increased fasting and
postprandial blood sugar levels. Based on [3] and [4] diabetes
mellitus is classified into two major subtypes: type I (insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and type II (non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM). IDDM or juvenile-
onset diabetes results from a cellular mediated autoimmune
destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas [5,6] However,
NIDDM or adult-onset diabetes results from the development
of insulin resistance and the affected individuals usually have
insulin deficiency [7]. Patients suffering from type I are
therefore totally dependent on exogenous source of insulin
while patients suffering from Type II diabetes can be treated
with dietary changes, exercise and medication. Type II
diabetes is the more common form of diabetes constituting
90% of the diabetic population. In 1995 it was estimated that
around 135 million people were affected from this condition
and it was expected to affect 300 million by the year 2025
[8]. Management of diabetes without any side effect is still a
challenge to the medical community.
Experimental animals
For performing the present work white male albino rats
"Rattus rattus" weighing about 120 -150 g were used. The
animals were obtained from animal house of the National
Research Center (Cairo, Egypt). They were maintained on
stock diet and kept under fixed appropriate conditions of
housing and handling. All experiments were carried out in
accordance with the research protocols established by the
Animal Care Committee of the National Research Center
(Cairo, Egypt), which followed the recommendations of the
National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of
Laboratory Animals (Publication No. 85-23, revised 1985).
Animals described as fasting were deprived of food for at
least 16 h but were allowed free access to drinking water.
Effect on oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) of normal non–
diabetic and diabetic rats were shown in Fig.1, the serum
glucose level of normal non–diabetic rats had a fasting serum
glucose level 68.56 ± 2.85 mg/dl that was much lower than
that of the diabetic non- treated ones, reached its peak value
at 60 minutes following glucose intake (3g/kg B.W.) and
began to decrease during the next 60 minutes to reach
81.43 ± 3.84 mg/dl after 2 hours of glucose administration.
In the diabetic non-treated male albino rats, serum
glucose also attained its maximal level after 60 minutes of
glucose administration recording 365.25 ± 7.20, 355.77
± 4.51, 356.09 ± 3.67 and 369.08 ± 4.05 mg /dl after the
first, second, third and fourth weeks of daily treatment
respectively. Subsequently, these values begin to decline
during the next 60 minutes but in slower rate and still
elevated than that of the normal ones.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, our study revealed that M. indica water
extract and P. guajava water extract either used individually
or incombination have strong hypoglycemic and anti-
diabetic effects as compared with glibenclamide.