02-01-2013, 04:24 PM
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
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INTRODUCTION
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) contains organic as well as inorganic matter. The latent energy present in its organic fraction can be recovered for gainful utilization through adoption of suitable Waste Processing and Treatment technologies. The recovery of energy from wastes also offers a few additional benefits as follows:
(i) The total quantity of waste gets reduced by nearly 60% to over 90%, depending upon the waste composition and the adopted technology;
(ii) Demand for land, which’s already scarce in cities, for land filling is reduced;
(iii) The cost of transportation of waste to far-away landfill sites also gets reduced proportionately; and
(iv) Net reduction in environmental pollution.
It is therefore, only logical that, while every effort should be made in the first place to minimize generation of waste materials and to recycle and reuse those to the extent feasible, the option of energy recovery from waste also duly examined. Wherever feasible, this option should be incorporated in the over-all scheme of waste management.
Generation of Electrical Energy from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a complex process since the waste has to undergo various unit processes before it is put in to the process of energy production. With the launching of new energy policy by Govt. of India, on liberalization of energy production, Independent power producers (IPP) are exploring Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as a main source of energy in addition to other renewable sources like fuel cells, solar, wind etc. for production of energy at affordable rates
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE (MSW)
The term municipal solid waste describes the stream of solid waste generated by household and apartments, commercial establishments, industries and institution .MSW consist of everyday items such as product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, paint and batteries.
MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Solid waste management may be defined as the application of techniques that will ensure the orderly execution of the function of collection, processing and disposal of solid waste. Solid waste management process is divided into following steps:
Collection: gathering of solid waste from various places.
Processing and recovery: activity applied to solid waste to prepare it for subsequent operation.
Disposal: placing of solid waste in its ultimate resting places.
Processing improves the efficiency of solid waste disposal and prepares solid waste. For subsequent recovery of materials and energy .Some of the materials in solid waste can also be recovered and recycled for the manufacture of new products. Electricity can also be recovered from solid waste.
In this paper we are going to discuss about the production of Electrical energy from municipal solid waste.
GENERATION OF ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM MSW
Municipal solid waste has a heating value from 9300 to12800 kJ/kg. It is possible to recover this energy by using MSW to fire boilers in order to produce steam that can be used to drive a steam turbine. The turbine then turns a generator producing electricity.