03-11-2016, 02:28 PM
1464060335-projectpaper2.docx (Size: 314.53 KB / Downloads: 8)
Abstract:
In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of the protection and irrigation is important. The project makes the protection and irrigation automated. With the use of low cost sensors and the simple circuitry makes this project is a low cost product, which can be bought even by a poor farmer. This project is best suited for places where water is scares and has to be used in limited quantity and it is used for protection of farm from various attacks. The heart of the project is the microcontroller. Protection of the farm is done by using PIR sensor, Beeper, Electrical fence and Temperature sensor. For irrigation a wetness sensor is used which checks the moisture level of the soil.
Keyword: Microcontroller, PIR Sensor, Electrical Fence, Wetness Sensor, Temperature Sensor.
Introduction:
In our country we usually come across irrigation systems that are manually operated and hence the exact amount of water required by the plants is not known, to overcome this problem the automated system is being designed, also we have been seeing in the newspapers and media that many animals are being killed by the very high voltage electric wires or drugging and killing the animals by poisoning them. This is against law and also against ethics of humanity. Hence it is proposed to design and develop an embedded based system to control the water requirement for the plants and warn the animals from entering into the fields of the farmers. Instead if they use this security system the animals are scared by sound so that they are run back into the forests.
The proposed system consists of the microcontroller which regulates the motor and the sensors used in the system. The complete system can be explained in two parts.
Protection System: This part of system consists of a specialized sensor called PIR (Passive Infra Red) device which detects the infra red rays emitted by the body of wild animals. PIR sensor also detects the motion of any animal with reasonable size. In a PIR-based motion detector, the PIR sensor is typically mounted on a printed circuit board which also contains the necessary electronics required to interpret the signals from the chip. The complete circuit is contained in a housing which is then mounted in a location where the sensor can view the area to be monitored. Infrared energy is able to reach the sensor through the window because the plastic used is transparent to infrared radiation (but only translucent to visible light).It is planned to connect the PIR sensor to RISC controller so that the detection of wild animals can be sensed and signal is transmitted to the controller which could be far away and kept in a safe control room. The monitoring system or controller is based on RISC microcontroller Atmega32. The system will have digital display and a keypad to set time of activation and deactivation of the PIR sensor. The controller generates siren sound which acts as a deterrent sound for the animals. The controller program is written in embedded C language. The compiler is GNU C compiler and the AVR studio 4.12 to be used as an IDE for program development debugging and porting the program into Atmega 32 using STK500 programmer.
Irrigation System: In this part of the project the main work of the micro controller is to control the flow of water depending on the moisture content of the soil, to do so our main objective is to design the automatic on and off motor. If the water content of the soil is less, then the water is supplied automatically through the solenoid valve or by switching on the irrigation pump and is kept open for the specified amount of time which can be manually set through LCD and KEYBOARD interface. The complete system uses RISC based Microcontroller, LCD, relay, ac motor, and sensors. Sensors may be steel rods through which the change of the leakage current is calculated, which is directly proportional to the water content in the soil. The sensors will sense the water content in the soil and data is fed to Microcontroller.