27-06-2014, 03:30 PM
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CAPSULE CAMERA
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Abstract
The aim of any new technology is to make products economical and wide range of applications. The current technologies have attained only a part of it, but the manufacturing technology is at macro level. The future lies in manufacturing product right from the molecular level. Research in this direction started way back in eighties. At that time manufacturing at molecular and atomic level was laughed about. Due to advent of nanotechnology we have realized it to a certain level. One such product manufactured is PILL CAMERA, which is used in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, ulcer and anemia. Moreover the infections can also be detected in the very initial stage so as to adopt the preventive measures. It has made revolution in the field of medicine. This tiny capsule can pass through our body, without causing any harm. It takes pictures of our intestine, and the organs surrounding it and transmits the same to the receiver of the computer analysis of our digestive system. This helps in tracking any kind of disease related to digestive system. we had even discussed the drawbacks of PILL CAMERA and how these
drawbacks can be overcome using Grain sized motor and bi-directional wireless telemetry capsule .Besides this we have reviewed the process of manufacturing products using nanotechnology . Some other important applications are also discussed along with their potential impacts on various fields.
In short, our paper describes the manufacture, working, functioning and the uses of this new technology. We had discussed the near future improvements of this model which would help in making this technology a no side effect one. We had stressed the concept of nano technology, which has been the key behind the design and development of this model. This is perhaps expected to open a gateway for the dreams of scientists and researchers who aims at making the humans immortal.
INTRODUCTION:
We have made great progress in manufacturing products. Looking back from where we stand now, we started from flint knives and stone tools and reached the stage where we make such tools with more precision than ever. The leap in technology is
great but it is not going to stop here. With our present technology we manufacture products by casting, milling, grinding, chipping and the likes. With these technologies we have made more things at a lower cost and greater precision than ever before . In the
manufacture of these products we have been arranging atoms in great thundering statistical herds. All of us know manufactured products are made from atoms.The properties of those products depend on how those atoms are arranged . If we rearrange the atoms in coal, we get diamonds. If we rearrange the atoms in sand(and add a pinch of impurities) we get computer chips. If we rearrange atoms in dirt ,water and air we get grass. The next step in manufacturing technology is to manufacture products at molecular level. The technology used to achieve manufacturing at molecular level is
“NANOTECHNOLOGY”. Nanotechnology is the creation of useful materials, devices and system through manipulation of such miniscule matter (nanometer).Nanotechnology deals with objects measured in nanometres. Nanometer can be visualised as billionth of a meter or millionth of a millimeter or it is 1/80000 width of human hair.
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW:
Manipulation of atoms is first talked about by noble laureate
Dr. Richard Feyngman long ago in 1959 at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at the California institute of technology - Caltech. and at that time it was laughed about. Nothing was pursued in it till 80’s. The concept of nanotechnology is introduced by Drexler in the year 1981 through his article “The Engines of Creation”. In 1990,IBM researchers showed that it is possible to manipulate single atoms. They positioned 35 Xenon atoms on the surface of nickel crystal, using an atomic force microscopy instrument. These positioned atoms spelled out the letters”IBM.
POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY:
As televisions, airplanes and computers revolutionized the world in the
last century, scientists claim that nanotechnology will have an even more profound
effect on the next century. Nanotechnology is likely to change the way almost
everything, including medicine, computers and cars, are designed and constructed.
One of the fascinating application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine is in
the form of Pill camera. This Pill camera has shown to the world what wonders
miniaturization can workout
APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN OTHER FIELDS
• Nanotechnology may have its biggest impact on the medical industry. Patients will drink fluids containing nanorobots programmed to attack and reconstruct the molecular structure of cancer cells and viruses to make them harmless.
• Nanorobots could also be programmed to perform delicate surgeries -- such nanosurgeons could work at a level a thousand times more precise than the sharpe scalpel. By working on such a small scale, a nanorobot could operate without leaving the scars that conventional surgery does.
• Additionally, nanorobots could change your physical appearance. They could be programmed to perform cosmetic surgery, rearranging your atoms to change your ears, nose, eye color or any other physical feature you wish to alter.
• There's even speculation that nanorobots could slow or reverse the aging process, and life expectancy could increase significantly.
Conclusion:
Though nanotechnology has not evolved to its full capacity, the first couple of products have already made a remarkable impact on the humans. In the near future most of the conventional manufacturing processes will be replaced with more efficient and economic
processes. Scientists predict that in the decades to come, with the help of nanotechnology one can function hearts, lungs, livers and kidneys, just by providing coal, water and some impurities and even prevent the aging effect. Nanotechnology has the power torevolutionize the world of production, but it is sure to increase unemployment. Nanotechnology can be used to make miniature explosives, which would create havoc in human lives. Every new technology that comes opens new doors and horizons but may uproot some. The same holds with nanotechnology too. This is at present applied in the digestive system but in the near future we can account its application to the respiratory system even. Efforts are being made to rectify the drawbacks in this model by using Grain sized motor and bi-directional wireless telemetry capsule.