13-11-2012, 05:31 PM
Biometrics
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Abstract
The automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or verify identity. To
elaborate on this definition, physiological biometrics are based on measurements and data derived from
direct measurement of a part of the human body. Fingerprint, iris-scan, retina-scan, hand geometry, and
facial recognition are leading physiological biometrics. Biometric system is the integrated biometric
hardware and software used to conduct biometric identification or verification. A generalized biometric
system is expressed nearly with figure.
Various biometric technologies are fingerprint identification, speaker recognition, facial
recognition, hand geometry, signature-scan, keystroke-scan, palm-scan, etc. Among these popular
recognition techniques like fingerprint recognition , facial recognition and speech recognition are clearly
explained. An automatic personal identification system based solely on one methodology often cannot meet
the system performance requirements. So a combination of two or more methodologies is used to achieve
required performance, which is called multibiometrics. In this paper we explained an example of
multibiometric system, which combines fingerprint identification, speech recognition and facial recognition.
A neatly sketched figure is used to describe the process in brief.
Biometrics has wide area applications; Most of them are covered in this paper.
Also some of the future applications like ATM machine, workstation and network access, travel and tourism
and telephone transactions are given.
Heathrow is the first UK airport to carry out a large-scale trial of the iris recognition technology,
which examines a passenger's eye, rather than their passport as they go through immigration control.
Introduction:
Thousands of years earlier physiological parameters such as scars, complexion, eye color, height,
moles, etc are used to identify the individuals. Later, in the nineteenth century physical features and
characteristics are used to identify criminals. This resulted in a variety of measuring devices being
produced. The idea of measuring individual physical characteristics seemed to stick and the parallel
development of fingerprinting became the international methodology among police forces for identity
verification.
With this background, it is hardly surprising that for many years a fascination with the possibility of
using electronics and the power of microprocessors to automate identity verification had occupied the
minds of individuals and organizations both in the military and commercial sectors. After the September
11th terrorist attack, Biometrics has gained prominence as being more reliable than current technologies, for
people identification.
Definition:
Biometrics involves identifying a person based on a unique physical characteristic that is different
from any other person. Biometrics can be either ‘innate’ such as fingerprints, face or iris; or
‘behavioral’ such as handwriting, gait or typing style. Biometric characteristics are measured using
sensors that produce data values that can then be processed by a computer using specialized algorithms
for analysis and comparison. Biometric system is the integrated biometric hardware and software used to
conduct biometric identification or verification.
Conclusion:
Biometrics makes automated use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to determine or
verify identity. Finger biometrics are most popular and one of the most accurate and cost effective
solutions. Hand geometry, signature-scan, keystroke-scan, palm-scan are some more biometric
technologies in use. With Biometrics there is