20-06-2013, 04:03 PM
DNA FINGER PRINTING
DNA FINGER.pptx (Size: 764.47 KB / Downloads: 79)
Historical background
DNA fingerprinting was developed in 1984
by Alec. J. Jeffrey at the University of Leicester
He was studying the gene of myoglobin.
What is DNA Fingerprinting?
The chemical structure of everyone's DNA is the same.
The only difference between people (or any animal) is the order of the base pairs.
The information contained in DNA is determined primarily by the sequence of letters along the zipper.
Making DNA Fingerprints
DNA fingerprinting is a laboratory procedure that requires six steps:
1: Isolation of DNA.
2: Cutting, sizing, and sorting.
Special enzymes called restriction enzymes are used to cut the DNA at specific places
3: Transfer of DNA to nylon.The distribution of DNA pieces
is transferred to a nylon sheet
by placing the sheet on the gel
and soaking them overnight.
4-5: Probing.Adding radioactive or colored probes
to the nylon sheet produces a pattern
called the DNA fingerprint.
Criminal Identification and Forensics
DNA isolated from blood, hair, skin cells, or other genetic evidence left at the scene of a crime can be compared
FBI and police labs around
the U.S. have begun to use
DNA fingerprints to link suspects
to biological evidence –
blood or semen stains, hair,
or items of clothing
Personal Identification
The notion of using DNA fingerprints as a sort of genetic bar code to identify individuals has been discussed
4.Diagnosis of Inherited Disorders
diagnose inherited disorders in both prenatal and newborn babies
These disorders may include cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, Huntington's disease, familial Alzheimer's, sickle cell anemia, thalasimia, and many others.
conclusions
DNA fingerprints is the most sophisticated way to identify living organisms.
DNA fingerprints has many applications that range from criminal rape cases, paternity tests, molecular archeology, etc.