14-05-2013, 02:51 PM
Synchronized Traffic Signal Controller
Synchronized Traffic.docx (Size: 16.77 KB / Downloads: 17)
EQUIPMENTS:-
1- 555 timer IC
2- 74160 counter IC
3- Capacitors
4- Resistors
5- 7404 inverter IC
6- 7408 AND IC
7- LEDS (green,yellow,red)
THEORY:-
This controller assumes equal traffic density on the entire road.This traffic controller uses digital logic, which can be easily, isimplemented by logic gates. This controller is generalized one can be used for different roads withslight modification. All the traffic signals in this controller are synchronized with each other.X, Y are used as binary variables to denote the four states of all thesignals. Letters A to H indicate the left and right sides of roads in four directions as shown in the fig. And the traffic movement on the roads at a specific signal (green) isdenoted by arrows in directions in which traffic can flow as shown in figure.When one signal is green the other signals, one will be yellow from whichdirection traffic will flow after it and other two will be red.The Boolean function of green light of a signal will be same as the Booleanfunction of yellow light of the other signal through which traffic will flow after it signal and the other two red lights of remaining signals and it will be sameas for other paths.
IMPLEMENTATION:-
Timer 555 (IC1) is wired as an astable multivibrator to generate clock signalfor the 4-bit counter 74160 (IC2). The time duration of IC1 can be adjustedby varying the value of resistor R1, resistor R2, or capacitor C2 of the clockcircuit. Theµon time duration T is given by the following relationship:T = 0.695C2(R1+R2)
IC2 is wired as a 2-bit binary counter by connecting its pin 11s output toclear pin 1 via inverter. Binary outputs from pins 13, 14 assumed asvariables X and Y, respectively. These outputs, along with their complimentary outputs X, Y respectively, are used as inputs to the rest of the logic circuit to realize various outputs satisfying Table 1. Pin 12 isgrounded because we require two bit counter so to convert it into 2 bitcounter. We inverted pin 11s output and set it to clear input of counter andgrounded pin 12.We can simulate various traffic lights using green, yellow, and red LEDsand feed the outputs of the circuit.The traffic signals can also be controlled manually, if desired. Any signalstate can be established by entering the binary value corresponding to thatparticular state into the parallel input pins of the 2-bit counter. Similarly, thesignal can be reset at any time by providing logic 0 at the reset pin (pin 1)of the counter using an external switch.
BENEFITS:
Increases efficiency of the transportation system.Enhances mobility Improves safety.Reduces the impact of automobile travel on energy consumption and air quality.Improves customer satisfaction Eliminates/delays need for street widening.