17-01-2014, 02:17 PM
CURRENT TRENDS IN BIOMETRIC AUTOMATED VOTING SYSTEM
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ABSTRACT
The heart of democracy is voting. The heart of voting is trust that each vote is recorded and tallied with accuracy and impartiality. The accuracy and impartiality are tallied in high rate with biometric system. Among these biometric signs, fingerprint has been researched the longest period of time, and shows the most promising future in real-world applications. Because of their uniqueness and consistency over time, fingerprints have been used for identification over time. However, because of the complex distortions among the different impression of the same finger in real life, fingerprint recognition is still a challenging problem. Hence in this paper, the we are interested in designing and analysing an automated biometric Voting
System based on the fingerprint minutiae which is the core in current modern approach for fingerprint analysis. The new design is analyzed by conducting pilot election among a class of students for selecting their representative. Various analysis predicted shows that the proposed electronic voting system resolves many issues of the current system with the help of biometric technology.
INTRODUCTION
Elections allow the populace to choose their representatives and express their preferences for how they will be governed. Naturally, the integrity of the election process is fundamental to the integrity of democracy itself. The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a variety of fraudulent behaviours and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that voters and candidates can accept the results of an election. In context of Western democracies' current crisis, automated voting has become a very popular topic of discussion in academic and technical circles. Voting is a method for a group such as a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion—often following discussions, debates, or election campaigns. It is often found in democracies and republics. automated voting (also known as machine voting) is a term encompassing several different types of voting, embracing both electronic means of casting a vote and electronic means of counting votes.
FUNDAMENTALS OF FINGERPRINT
AUTHENTICATION SYSTEM
The types of information that can be collected from a fingerprints friction ridge impression can be categorized as Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 features as shown in fig 1. Level 2 features or minutiae refer to the various ways that the ridges can be discontinuous. These are essentially Galton characteristics, namely ridge endings and ridge bifurcations. A ridge ending is defined as the ridge point where a ridge ends abruptly. A bifurcation is defined as the ridge point where a ridge bifurcates into two ridges. Minutiae are the most prominent features, generally stable and robust to fingerprint impression conditions. The distribution of minutiae in a fingerprint is considered unique and most of the automated matchers use this property to uniquely identify fingerprints. Uniqueness of fingerprint based on minutiae points has been quantified by Galton [3].
SCANNING AND PROCESSING
The biometric sensor scans the image. This so scanned data is in the analogue form. This is converted into digital form by using an A/D converter. Since the image is to be transferred quickly to the converter, it is interfaced in parallel with the DSP chip. The data received from the parallel in ports is further processed in the chip. Parallel interfacing is done to have a quick performance.
TRANSFER OF PROCESSED DATA TO THE HARD DISK
The data which is processed in the DSP chip (finger print) is transferred in parallel to the HARD DISK for searching process. The BIOS language of the HARD DISK is stored in SDRAM which is also interfaced in parallel with the chip. This helps the chip to transfer the image to the HARD DISK for further process. The image transferred to the HARD DISK is compared with that of the DATA BASE. The circuit connections for the process explained are as shown below.