25-10-2016, 11:15 AM
1460998441-pediain.comCellonicsSeminarReport.pdf (Size: 727.68 KB / Downloads: 8)
INTRODUCTION
Are you tired of slow modem connections? Cellonics Incorporated has developed
new technology that may end this and other communications problems forever.
The new modulation and demodulation technology is called Cellonics. In general,
this technology will allow for modem speeds that are 1,000 times faster than our
present modems. The development is based on the way biological cells
communicate with each other and nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS). Major
telcos, which are telecommunications companies, will benefit from the incredible
speed, simplicity, and robustness of this new technology, as well as individual
users.
In current technology, the ASCII uses a combination of ones and zeros to display a
single letter of the alphabet (Cellonics, 2001). Then the data is sent over radio
frequency cycle to its destination where it is then decoded. The original
technology also utilizes carrier signals as a reference which uses hundreds of
wave cycles before a decoder can decide on the bit value (Legard, 2001), whether
the bit is a one or a zero, in order to translate that into a single character.
The Cellonics technology came after studying biological cell behavior. The study
showed that human cells respond to stimuli and generate waveforms that consist
of a continuous line of pulses separated by periods of silence. The Cellonics
technology found a way to mimic these pulse signals and apply them to the
communications industry (Legard, 2001). The Cellonics element accepts slow
analog waveforms as input and in return produces predictable, fast pulse output,
thus encoding digital information and sending it over communication channels.
Nonlinear Dynamical Systems (NDS) are the mathematical formulations required
to simulate the cell responses and were used in building Cellonics. Because the
technique is nonlinear, performance can exceed the norm, but at the same time,
implementation is straightforward (Legard, 2001).
This technology will be most beneficial to businesses that do most of their work
by remote and with the use of portable devices. The Cellonics technology will
provide these devices with faster, better data for longer periods of time
(Advantages, 2001). Cellonics also utilizes a few discrete components, most of which are bypassed or consume very little power. This reduces the number of off
the shelf components in portable devices while dramatically decreasing the
power used, leading to a lower cost for the entire device. The non-portable
devices of companies will benefit from the lack of components the machines have
and the company will not have to worry so much about parts breaking.
The Cellonics technology is a revolutionary and unconventional approach based
on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems (NDS) and modelled after biological
cellbehaviour1. In essence, the term Cellonics is an euphemism for “electronic
cells”. When used in the field of communications, the technology has the ability
to encode, transmit and decode digital information powerfully over a variety of
physical channels, be they cables or wirelessly through the air. There have been
much research over the past decades to study inter-cell communications.
Laboratory studies have recorded electrical waveforms that show burst of spikes
separated by periods of silence.
The Cellonics technology can be used as a modulation/demodulation technique
with the Cellonics Element embedded in the demodulator(Fig 4a). One of the
most important features of the Cellonics demodulation technique is its powerful
inherent Carrier-rate Decoding, which enables one information symbol to be
carried in one RF carrier cycle. Convention systems require thousands of cycles to
capture one symbol. Cellonics unique Carrier-rate Decoding™ offers throughput
at maximum rate
BER Performance in a Narrowband Communication System
An important performance measure of any modulation scheme is its bit-error
rate (BER) performance in a noisy channel. Fig 5a shows the numerical simulation
results of the Cellonics receiver in the AWGN channel. Also shown in the figure is
the theoretical curve of the optimal Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation
scheme. From the figure, it is clear that the BE performance of the Cellonics
modulation is able to match the theoretical optimal BPSK modulation scheme.
This is achieved by using only 4Cellonics elements which are very simple (please
refer to Fig 3a and Fig 3d). Figure 5b shows another set of results in the multipath
environment which show that the Cellonics
New Life to Communication Devices
The strength of the Cellonics technology lies in its inherent Carrier-rate
Decoding™ (i.e. extremely fast decoding rate), multilevel capability (spectral
efficiency), simple circuitry, low power consumption and low cost. Some
telecommunication application examples in wireless communication are cellular
networks(2/3/4 G and beyond), W-LAN/Home networks ,LMDS, broadcasting,
military radio, RF identification tags, low cost radar with fine range precision and
sensor for automobiles. In wire line communication, some areas where the
Cellonics technology is deployable are: high-speed modem cable modem, xDSL),
LAN/Home networks, backbone telephony/data networks, power line
communications and military applications. Beyond its application in
telecommunication, the Cellonics technology is also applicable in the electronics
circuits such as gated oscillators, delta modulators, sigma- delta modulators and
clock multipliers, etc.
1:Savings on Chip/ PCB Real Estate Because of its simplicity, a receiver
implemented with Cellonics can save as much as 4 times the chip real estate.
(Comparison made with a zero-IF receiver designed with the same 0.8Mm
BiCMOS process.)
2: Savings on Power Using the same design and comparison above, it was found
that a Cellonics-based receiver consumed 3 times less power. This is possible
because a Cellonics™ circuit is built with a few discrete components that are
mostly passive and hence consume very little or negligible power. Cellonics
returns a high 'power budget' back to a communication device. Designers can use
this 'extra' power to 'finance' other power-needy features in a device such a color screen, GPS receiver, etc. Else, the device will simply end up having a longer
battery life. (As in the case of mobile phones)
3:Savings in Implementation Time terodyne and Super homodyne design. These
parts in these subsystems can be costly, fragile and noisy. Aside from this, the
subsystems need great expertise to be put together and fine-tuned. It is also
difficult to miniaturize. With the simplicity and robustness of Cellonics,
implementation time is swift without the sacrifice on performance. In a receiver,
the Cellonics circuit replaces many traditional subsystems such as the amplifier,
mixer, PLL, oscillator, filter, crystal quartz, etc. that are necessary in a common
Super he
4. Build or Rejuvenate your Products with Cellonics™ The incredible simplicity,
low cost, low power consumption of Cellonics makes it ideal for use in your next
generation of feature-rich products that need to be small in size and long on
power reserve. Else, the technology is also ideal in giving your current products a
new low- cost and power-saving receiver engine.
CONCLUSION
The Cellonics communication method is one inspired by how biological cells
signal. It is a fresh and novel look at how digital signals may be conveyed. In this
digital day and age, it is timely; current digital communication designs are mostly
derived from old analog signal methods. With the Cellonics method, much of the
sub-systems in a traditional communication system are not required. Noisegenerating
and power-consuming systems such as voltage-controlled oscillators,
PLLs, mixers, power amplifiers, etc., are eliminated. To a communications
engineer, this is unheard off. One just doesn’t build a communication device
without an oscillator, mixer, or…. Such is the revolutionary impact of Cellonics.
Engineers will have to reform their thinking-that such a simple solution is
possible.