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The World of Internet As the number of internet users is growing exponentially the need of cloud computing came into existence. This overcomes the limitation of the amount of information present on a single server by allowing the user to link to any remote server for information.
Defination-
Cloud Computing is a paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, hand-helds, sensors, monitors, etc.” - 2008 IEEE paper
Types –
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): A wide range of application services delivered via various business models normally available as public offering
Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): Application development platforms provides authoring and runtime environment
Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): Also known as elastic compute clouds, enable virtual hardware for various uses
Why think for green cloud computing?
power consumption of data centers has huge impacts on environments.
growing demand of Cloud infrastructure has drastically increased the energy consumption of data centers, which has become a critical issue.
High energy consumption not only translates to high operational cost, which reduces the profit margin of Cloud providers, but also leads to high carbon emissions which is not environmentally friendly. Hence, energy efficient solutions are required to minimize the impact of Cloud computing on the environment , hence the requirement for green cloud computing.
Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) industry generates about 2% of the total global CO2 emissions, which is equal to the aviation industry. According to a report published by the European Union, a decrease in emission volume of 15% 30% is required before year 2020 to keep the global temperature increase below 2 degree C.
Energy consumption and carbon emission by Cloud infrastructures has become a key environmental concern.
High energy costs and huge carbon footprints are incurred due to the massive amount of electricity needed to power and cool the numerous servers hosted in these data centers Carbon emission due to Data Centers worldwide is now more than both Argentina and the Netherlands emission. Data centers are not only expensive to maintain, but also unfriendly to the environment. Clouds Impact on the Environment
Cloud computing is providing utility based services to all the users worldwide. Data centers created for cloud computing applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and a large amount of carbon dioxide emission to the environment. It leads to an abrupt level of power consumption and increasing the amount of harmful gases in environment.
We propose Green Cloud computing model that achieves not only efficient processing and utilisation of computing infrastructure, but also minimise energy consumption. As energy costs are increasing, there is a need to shift focus from optimising data center resource management for pure performance alone to optimising for energy efficiency while maintaining high service level performance. “energy efficiency” Green Cloud: “performance”
Green Computing- Green computing is the environmentally responsible and eco- friendly use of computer and its resources. It is also defined as the process of designing, manufacturing, and disposing computer devices which will not affect environment. Most of the IT companies now started to realize that moving green computing not only terms of public relation but also it will reduce the cost.
Green computing is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or Information Technology. The green computing can be achieved by reducing the overall power consumption. This can be accomplished by redesigning the infrastructure of network by reducing the number of servers, switches and cables or by applying the different power consumption schemes and patterns.
The concept of Green cloud computing has come after the addition of the advantage of green computing with the cloud computing. The green cloud presents a simulation environment for energy aware cloud computing data centers.
Core component of Green cloud computing –
The five core green computing technologies are: Green Data Center, Virtualization, Green Cloud Computing, Power Optimization and Grid Computing.
Data Center : Data center is a subdivision of information and communication technology service provider organization where this organization can operate most of the ICT infrastructure that supports to their clients. the network system devices used in creating data centers are switches, links and servers.
Data center architecture Three tier high speed Data center architecture
Data center architecture Three tier high speed Data center architecture
The architecture typically includes three layers: o Access layer Supports the loop-free topology due to the inexpensive Layer-2 (L2) switches in the access layer. o Aggregation layer Increase the number of server nodes to more than 10,000 servers but it leads to the increase in the cost due to increase in number of servers. o Core layer A typical three tier architecture includes eight core switches). An 8-way ECMP includes 10 GE (Gigabyte Ethernet) Line Aggregation Groups (LAGs) which permit a client to access several links and network ports with a single MAC address.
How green computing is achieved in data centres in india :
adopting “green” friendly technologies at various aspects of the data centre such as :
1. Exploring utilization of renewable energy sources to power certain functional areas of the data centre.
2. Deploying energy efficient servers and storage.
3. Virtualization to drive up efficiency.
4. Employing power saver features into the critical equipments, for example servers go into sleep mode.
5. Reduceing unnecessary operational overheads and travel by centralizing all the operations through our command centre. We are striving to run these data centres at a PUE of 1.7
Virtualization- Virtualization is the main key factor for Cloud Computing to attain sustainability from the cost and energy efficient point of view.
Virtualization software makes it possible to run multiple operating systems and multiple applications on the same server at the same time,“
Virtualization converts discrete servers to virtualized images that run as independent machines on a centralized server or server pool.
The technology behind virtualization is known as a virtual machine monitor (VMM) or virtual manager
Hardware Virtualization uses software that is called a hypervisor (commonly VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, or Citrix XenServer) to abstract the physical characteristics of a server. This permits multiple guest operating systems to run virtually on a single physical server.
"It enables businesses to reduce IT costs while increasing the efficiency, utilization and flexibility of their existing computer hardware.“
There are two types of virtualization which are widely used.
a) Server Virtualization: Virtual server allows several machines to share the same physical server to run instead of having their own server.
b) Storage Virtualization: Storing data across multiple server.
Load Balancing in Cloud Load balancing in clouds is a mechanism that distributes the excess load evenly across many servers. This technique is used to achieve high user satisfaction and resource utilization this helps in high performance improvement.
a) Reducing Energy Consumption: Load balancing helps in avoiding overheating by balancing the workload across many servers.
b) Reducing Carbon Emission: As the energy consumption is reduced by load balancing. So we can reduce the carbon emission by which we can achieve green computing.
Cloud Enabling Green Computing -The important technology for energy efficient in clouds is the “Virtualization” Which helps in significant improvement in energy efficient by sharing the same infrastructure.
Green Advantages :
Desktop Virtualization facilitates a number of carbon-footprint reducing initiatives:
Freeing up of server or storage devices, which can then be re-deployed in those areas where additional capacity is sought, thus preventing the need for additional hardware purchase. Excess devices can be decommissioned, thereby reducing the volume of IT hardware that needs to be powered, maintained and cooled.
Enables the deployment of greener, energy-efficient thin-client devices or helps extend the lifespan of older, conventional, PC devices by deploying them as lower-function access devices.
By separating the user experience from a fixed device, users can access their virtual desktops from a variety of locations. For business, this facilitates environmentally friendly work-from-home or tele-commuting initiatives and provides the business with the option of scaling back office-space provisioning.
Limitation of green cloud computing :
The principle limitation is the high cost of purchase of components that are required to make the cloud computing more efficient and more environment friendly(like cooling eqipments,carbon emission rating meter etc.)
The maintenance of devices in data centres is also a prime limitation.
The provision of power from renewable sources in developing countries is limited and expensive .
Advantage- This technology is beneficial as it:
1. Reduce energy consumption of computing resources during peak operation.
2. Save energy during idle operation.
3. Use eco-friendly sources of energy.
4. Reduce harmful effects of computing resources.
5. Reduce computing wastes.