03-07-2014, 10:47 AM
Cold Computing
Cold Computing.docx (Size: 356.89 KB / Downloads: 10)
ABSTRACT
Cloud computing is the next natural step in the evolution of on-demand information technology services and products. To a large extent cloud computing will be based on virtualized resources. The idea of cloud computing is based on a very fundamental principal of reusability of IT capabilities. The difference that cloud computing brings compared to traditional concepts of grid computing, distributed computing, utility computing or autonomic computing is to broaden horizons across organizational boundaries.
According to the IEEE Computer Society Cloud Computing is:
"A paradigm in which information is permanently stored in servers on the Internet and cached temporarily on clients that include desktops, Entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall computers, handhelds, etc."
Though many cloud computing architectures and deployments are powered by grids, based on autonomic characteristics and consumed on the basis of utilities billing, the concept of a cloud is fairly distinct and complementary to the concepts of grid, SaaS, Utility Computing etc. In theory, cloud computing promises availability of all required hardware, software, platform, applications, infrastructure and storage with an ownership of just an internet connection.
People can access the information that they need from any device with an Internet connection including mobile and handheld phones rather than being chained to the desktop. It also means lower costs, since there is no need to install software or hardware. Cloud computing used to posting and sharing photos on facebook, instant messaging with friends maintaining and upgrading business technology.
INTRODUCTION
What is Cloud ?
Cloud is a term used as a metaphor for the wide area networks (like internet) or any such large networked environment. It came partly from the cloud-like symbol used to represent the complexities of the networks in the schematic diagrams. It represents all the complexities of the network which may include everything from cables, routers, servers, data centres and all such other devices.
What is Cloud Computing ?
As a beginning here is a definition, “An emerging computer paradigm where data and services reside in massively scalable data centres in the cloud and can be accessed from any connected devices over the internet.” Like other definitions of topics like these, an understanding of the term cloud computing requires an understanding of various other terms which are closely related to this. While there is a lack of precise scientific definitions for many of these terms, general definitions can be given. “Cloud computing is an emerging paradigm in the computer industry where the computing is moved to a cloud of computers.” It has become one of the buzz words of the industry. The core concept of cloud computing is, quite simply, that the vast computing resources that we need will reside somewhere out there in the cloud of computers and we will connect to them and use them as and when needed.
With cloud computing we have come a full circle. We come back to the centralized computing infrastructure. But this time it is something which can easily be accessed via the internet and something over which we have all the control
CLOUD ARCHITECTURE
Cloud architecture, the systems architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing, comprises hardware and software designed by a cloud architect who typically works for a cloud integrator. It typically involves multiple cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces, usually web services.
This closely resembles the UNIX philosophy of having multiple programs doing one thing well and working together over universal interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts.
The biggest challenge in cloud computing may be the fact that there's no standard or single architectural method. In fact, there are few definitions of the cloud computing concept that are fully accepted. Therefore, it's best to view cloud architectures as a set of approaches, each with its own examples and capabilities.
The simplest model of cloud computing can be created using a pool of servers that have been "virtualized" using an application tool like the Web Services directory or a network tool used for server load balancing. This can make multiple servers (real or virtual) appear as a single resource -- a cloud
WORKING OF CLOUD COMPUTING
To understand how does cloud computing work, imagine that the cloud consists of layers — mostly the back-end layers and the front-end or user-end layers. They connect to each other through a network, usually the Internet. The front-end layers are the ones you see and interact with. The front end is the side the computer user or client sees. When you access your email on Gmail for example, you are using software running on the front-end of a cloud. The same is true when you access your Facebook account. The back end is the "cloud" section of the system. On the back end there are various computers, servers and data storage systems that create the "cloud" of computing services. The back-end consists of the hardware and the software architecture that fuels the interface you see on the front end.
Because the computers are set up to work together, the applications can take advantage of all that computing power as if they were running on one particular machine. Cloud computing also allows for a lot of flexibility. Depending on the demand, you can increase how much of the cloud resources you use without the need for assigning specific hardware for the job, or just reduce the amount of resources assigned to you when they are not necessary.
A central server administers the system, monitoring traffic and client demands to ensure everything runs smoothly. It follows a set of rules called protocols. Servers and remote computers do most of the work and store the data
Cloud Types
Public Cloud
Public cloud or external cloud describes cloud computing in the traditional mainstream. Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks. A public cloud provides services to multiple customers
Private Cloud
Private cloud is cloud infrastructure operated solely for a single organization, whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. Undertaking a private cloud project requires a significant level and degree of engagement to virtualize the business environment, and it will require the organization to re-evaluate decisions about existing resources. When it is done right, it can have a positive impact on a business, but every one of the steps in the project raises security issues that must be addressed in order to avoid serious vulnerabilities
Community Cloud
Community cloud shares infrastructure between several organizations from a specific community with common concerns (security, compliance, jurisdiction, etc.), whether managed internally or by a third-party and hosted internally or externally. The costs are spread over fewer users than a public cloud (but more than a private cloud), so only some of the cost savings potential of cloud computing are realized.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Self Healing
Any application or any service running in a cloud computing environment has the property of self healing. In case of failure of the application, there is always a hot backup of the application ready to take over without disruption. There are multiple copies of the same
Application - each copy updating itself regularly so that at times of failure there is at least one copy of the application which can take over without even the slightest change in its running state.
Multi-tenancy
With cloud computing, any application supports multi-tenancy - that is multiple tenants at the same instant of time. The system allows several customers to share the infrastructure allotted to them without any of them being aware of the sharing. This is done by virtualizing the servers on the available machine pool and then allotting the servers to multiple users. This is done in such a way that the privacy of the users or the security of their data is not compromised
MERITS & DEMERITS
1. Cloud enabler technologies like utility computing, Grid Computing, web infrastructure and others are cloud enabled.
2. Infrastructure service providers are taking advantage of the Cloud services.
3. Information services, entertainment-oriented services such as video on demand, simple business services such as customer authentication or identity management and contextual services such as location or mapping services are positioned well by using the service.
4. Other services, such as corporate processes (e.g. billing, deduction management and mortgage calculation) and transactional services (for example, fiscal transactions), would take longer to reach the cloud and the mainstream.
5. Cloud computing infrastructures allow efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments.
6. A cloud infrastructure can be a cost efficient model for delivering information services, reducing IT management complexity.
7. The Cloud makes it possible to launch Web 2.0 applications quickly and to scale up applications as much as needed when required.
CLOUD COMPUTING SERVICES
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS):
In this most basic cloud service model, the cloud computing vendors offer infrastructure as a service. One may avail hardware services such as processors, memory, networks etc on agreed basis for specific duration and price.
To deploy their applications, cloud users then install operating system images on the machines as well as their application software. In this model, it is the cloud user who is responsible for patching and maintaining the operating systems and application software. Cloud providers typically bill IaaS services on a utility computing basis, that is, cost will reflect the amount of resources allocated and consumed.
IaaS refers not to a machine that does all the work, but simply to a facility given to businesses that offers users the leverage of extra storage space in servers and data centers
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Cloud vendors are companies that offer cloud computing services and products. One of the services that they provide is called PaaS. Under this a computing platform such as operating system, programming language execution environment, database, and web server is provided to a customer or end user on a monthly rental basis. Some of the major cloud computing vendors are Amazon, Microsoft, and Google etc.
Application developers can develop and run their software solutions on a cloud platform without the cost and complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. With some PaaS offers, the underlying computer and storage resources scale automatically to match application demand such that cloud user does not have to allocate resources manually
FUTURE SCOPE
With arrival of cloud computing the conventional way of computing has gone for a sea change. And this new addition in the computing is not a flash in the pan as it is going to rule the roost in the future. As per some expert opinions, it is going to be the face of future cloud computing. And hence, the future of cloud computing seems very promising.
As per some surveys conducted by leading organizations, 70% of Americans will be getting benefited from cloud and it various applications in next decades for official and personal use. And this is not an overestimate or exaggeration, as we are already using cloud and its applications in one form or another. Using email and connecting to social media through smart phones, watching movies over smart phones and uploading and accessing pictures from websites like Flicker are common examples of cloud computing in our day-to-day life.
CONCLUSION
Cloud computing is a powerful new abstraction for large scale data processing systems which is scalable, reliable and available. In cloud computing, there are large self-managed server pools available which reduces the overhead and eliminates management headache. Cloud computing services can also grow and shrink according to need. Cloud computing is particularly valuable to small and medium businesses, where effective and affordable IT tools are critical to helping them become more productive without spending lots of money on in-house resources and technical equipment. Also it is a new emerging architecture needed to expand the Internet to become the computing platform of the future.
Cloud computing builds on decades of research in virtualization, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web and software services.
It implies a service oriented architecture, reduced information technology overhead for the end-user, great flexibility, reduced total cost of ownership, on demand services and many other things. In today's global competitive market, companies must innovate and get the most from its resources to succeed.
Cloud computing infrastructures are next generation platforms that can provide tremendous value to companies of any size. They can help companies achieve more efficient use of their IT hardware and software investments and provide a means to accelerate the adoption of innovations.
Cloud computing increases profitability by improving resource utilization. Costs are driven down by delivering appropriate resources only for the time those resources are needed. Cloud computing has enabled teams and organizations to streamline lengthy procurement processes.
Cloud computing enables innovation by alleviating the need of innovators to find resources to develop, test, and make their innovations available to the user community. Innovators are free to focus on the innovation rather than the logistics of finding and managing resources that enable the innovation.