03-12-2012, 05:47 PM
Comparative Analysis Of Non Performing Assets Of
Private Sector Banks
Comparative Analysis Of Non Performing Assets.doc (Size: 564 KB / Downloads: 83)
Introduction
The accumulation of huge non-performing assets in banks has assumed great importance. The depth of the problem of bad debts was first realized only in early 1990s.The magnitude of NPAs in banks and financial institutions is over Rs.1,50,000 crores. While gross NPA reflects the quality of the loans made by banks, net NPA shows the actual burden of banks. Now it is increasingly evident that the major defaulters are the big borrowers coming from the non-priority sector. The banks and financial institutions have to take the initiative to reduce NPAs in a time bound strategic approach.
Public sector banks figure prominently in the debate not only because they dominate the banking industries, but also since they have much larger NPAs compared with the private sector banks. This raises a concern in the industry and academia because it is generally felt that NPAs reduce the profitability of a banks, weaken its financial health and erode its solvency.
For the recovery of NPAs a broad framework has evolved for the management of NPAs under which several options are provided for debt recovery and restructuring. Banks and FIs have the freedom to design and implement their own policies for recovery and write-off incorporating compromise and negotiated settlements.
Introduction to the topic
The three letters “NPA” Strike terror in banking sector and business circle today. NPA is short form of “Non Performing Asset”. The dreaded NPA rule says simply this:, when interest or other due to a bank remains unpaid for more than 90 days, the entire bank loan automatically turns a non performing asset. The recovery of loan has always been problem for banks and financial institution. To come out of these first we need to think is it possible to avoid NPA, no can not be then left is to look after the factor responsible for it and managing those factors.
Definitions:
An asset, including a leased asset, becomes non-performing when it ceases to generate income for the bank.
A ‘non-performing asset’ (NPA) was defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and/ or instalment of principal has remained ‘past due’ for a specified period of time.
With a view to moving towards international best practices and to ensure greater transparency, it has been decided to adopt the ‘90 days’ overdue’ norm for identification of NPAs, from the year ending March 31, 2004. Accordingly, with effect from March 31, 2004, a non-performing asset (NPA) shall be a loan or an advance where;
Interest and/ or instalment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of a term loan,
The account remains ‘out of order’ for a period of more than 90 days, in respect of an Overdraft/Cash Credit (OD/CC),
The bill remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in the case of bills purchased and discounted,
Interest and/or instalment of principal remains overdue for two harvest seasons but for a period not exceeding two half years in the case of an advance granted for agricultural purposes, and
Any amount to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 90 days in respect of other accounts.
As a facilitating measure for smooth transition to 90 days norm, banks have been advised to move over to charging of interest at monthly rests, by April 1, 2002. However, the date of classification of an advance as NPA should not be changed on account of charging of interest at monthly rests. Banks should, therefore, continue to classify an account as NPA only if the interest charged during any quarter is not serviced fully within 180 days from the end of the quarter with effect from April 1, 2002 and 90 days from the end of the quarter with effect from March 31, 2004.
HISTORY OF INDIAN PRIVATE BANKING
PRIVATE banking is banking, investment and other financial services provided by banks to private individuals who invest sizable assets. The term "private" refers to customer service rendered on a more personal basis than in mass-market retail banking, usually via dedicated bank advisers. It does not refer to a private bank, which is a non-incorporated banking institution.
Private banking forms an important, more exclusive, subset of wealth management. At least until recently, it largely consisted of banking services (deposit taking and payments), discretionary asset management, brokerage, limited tax advisory services and some basic concierge-type services, offered by a single designated relationship manager. On the whole, many clients trusted their private banking relationship manager to ‘get on with it’, and took a largely passive approach to financial decision making.
Historically, private banking has been viewed as a very exclusive niche that only caters to high net worth individuals with liquidity over $2 million, though it is now possible to open private banking accounts with as little as $250,000 for private investors. An institution's private banking division provides services such as wealth management, savings, inheritance, and tax planning for their clients. A high-level form of private banking (for the especially affluent) is often referred to as wealth management. For private banking services clients pay either based on the number of transactions, the annual portfolio performance or a "flat-fee", usually calculated as a yearly percentage of the total investment amount.
"Private" also alludes to bank secrecy and minimizing taxes through careful allocation of assets, or by hiding assets from the taxing authorities. Swiss and certain offshore banks have been criticized for such cooperation with individuals practicing tax evasion. Although tax fraud is a criminal offense in Switzerland, tax evasion is only a civil offence, not requiring banks to notify taxing authorities.
Historically, private banking has developed in Europe. Some banks in Europe are known for managing assets of some royal families. The assets of Princely Family of Liechtenstein is managed by LGT Bank (founded in 1920). The assets of Dutch royal family is managed by MeesPierson (founded in 1720). The assets of British Royal Family is managed by Coutts(founded in 1692).
UNDER THIS STUDY I HAVE TAKEN FIVE BANKS I.E. HDFC, INDUSLND BANK, ICICI BANK, YES BANK, AXIS BANK.
NON PERFORMING ASSETS (NPA)
WHAT IS A NPA (NON PERFORMING ASSETS) ?
Action for enforcement of security interest can be initiated only if the secured asset is classified as Nonperforming asset.
No performing asset means an asset or account of borrower ,which has been classified by bank or financial institution as sub –standard , doubtful or loss asset, in accordance with the direction or guidelines relating to assets classification issued by RBI .
An amount due under any credit facility is treated as “past due” when it is not been paid within 30 days from the due date. Due to the improvement in the payment and settlement system, recovery climate, up gradation of technology in the banking system etc, it was decided to dispense with “past due “concept, with effect from March 31, 2001. Accordingly as from that date, a Non performing asset shell be an advance where
i. Interest and/or installment of principal remain overdue for a period of more than 180 days in respect of a term loan,
ii. The account remains ‘out of order ‘ for a period of more than 180 days ,in respect of an overdraft/cash credit (OD/CC)
iii. The bill remains overdue for a period of more than 180 days in case of bill purchased or discounted.
iv. Interest and/or principal remains overdue for two harvest season but for a period not exceeding two half years in case of an advance granted for agricultural purpose ,and
a. to be received remains overdue for a period of more than 180 days in respect of other accounts