09-10-2012, 05:07 PM
Cybernetics
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Introduction
Cybernetics and Systems Science combine the abstraction of philosophy and mathematics with the concreteness of dealing with the theory and modeling of "real world" evolving systems.
It involves Human with Electronics i.e. It involves Medical terms.
Originally the study of biological and artificial control systems, cybernetics has evolved into many disparate areas of study, with research in many disciplines, including computer science, social philosophy and epistemology. In general, cybernetics is concerned with discovering what mechanisms control systems, and in particular, how systems regulate themselves
Origins of cybernetics
The term itself began its rise to popularity in 1947 when Norbert Wiener used it to name a discipline apart from such established disciplines as electrical engineering, mathematics, etc.
Wiener, Arturo Rosenblueth, and Julian Bigelow needed a name for their new discipline, and they adapted a Greek word meaning "the art of steering" to evoke the rich interaction of goals, predictions, actions, feedback, and response in systems of all kinds clarified the fundamental roles of these concepts in engineering; but the relevance to social systems and the softer sciences was also clear from the start.
What Are the Main Points?
Theoretical-sciences of complexity--including AI, neural networks, dynamical systems, chaos, and complex adaptive systems.
Practical-Many of the concepts used by system scientists come from the closely related approach of cybernetics: information, control, feedback, communication.
There was also a return from the machine to the living organism, which accelerated progress in neurology, perception, the mechanisms of vision In the sixties MIT saw the extension of cybernetics and system theory to industry, society, and ecology.
Aim of Cybernetics
To construct an effective theory, with or without actual hardware models, such that the various aspects of human and other sorts of behaviour can be simulated.
To produce models and theories of human behaviour which present these functions of human beings and other systems in the same manner in which they are performed by human beings or other such systems as are considered. In other words, it is not enough merely to produce the same end result; we want to produce the same end result by similar or even identical means.