12-04-2012, 01:49 PM
RFID BASED ATTENDANCE SYSTEM
NEW RFID REPORT(WORD 97-2003).doc (Size: 448.5 KB / Downloads: 352)
INTRODUCTION
This paper provides a general introduction to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, and discusses the benefits and challenges of this technology for organizations that are involved in the production, movement, or sale of retail goods. Whatever you read about packaging, supply chains, or identification, you will come across an article or advertisement for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Why does it seem that this technology is being touted as the best thing since sliced bread? And is it just another piece of hype meant to confuse and make us invest money in another piece of technology?
RFID is evolving as a major technology enabler for identifying and tracking goods and assets around the world. It can help hospitals locate expensive equipment more quickly to improve patient care, pharmaceutical companies to reduce counterfeiting, and logistics providers to improve the management of moveable assets. It also promises to enable new efficiencies in the supply chain by tracking goods from the point of manufacture through to the retail point of sale (POS).
THE ORIGIN OF RFID
The first disturbing fact is that RFID is not a new technology. It was first used over sixty years ago by Britain to identify aircraft in World War II and was part of the refinement of radar. It was during the 1960s that RFID was first considered as a solution for the commercial world. The first commercial applications involving RFID followed during the 70s and 80s. These commercial applications were concerned with identifying some asset inside a single location. They were based on proprietary infrastructures.
The third era of RFID started in 1998, when researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Auto-ID Center began to research new ways to track and identify objects as they moved between physical locations. This research, which has a global outlook, centered on radio frequency technology and how information that is held on tags can be effectively scanned and shared with business partners in near real time.
APPLICATIONS OF RFID
Applications fall into two principal categories: short range applications in which the reader and tag must be in close proximity (such as in access control), and medium to long applications in which the distance may be greater (such as reading across a distribution center dock door). A sample of applications is shown here:
Access control for people: There are many areas in which RFID tags are carried by people to allow them to gain access to facilities or services:
• Secure access to work place
• Safety access to dangerous/secure equipment
• Access to a computer or vehicle
• Access to travel on trains/buses
• Access to leisure facilities
Micro controller
The full circuit of the projects is shown in schematic diagram the brain of the receiver is the Pre programmed micro controller.The circuits comprise Microchip PIC16F72 micro controller (U2), 434MHZ RF receiver module, relay, buzzer, and MAX232, RS232 Voltage Level Converter. PIC16F72 is an 8-bit CMOS micro controller. Its internal circuitry reducing the need for external components, thus reducing the cost and power consumption and enhancing the system reliability.
PIC16F72 is an 8-bit, low-cost, high-performance flash micro controller. Its key features are 4k words of flash program memory, 192 bytes of data RAM, eleven interrupts, three I/O ports, 8-bit ADC and only 35 powerful single- cycle instructions (each 14-bit wide). The communication between the micro controller and the PC serial Port requires an RS-232 interface which serves to convert the CMOS TTL output voltage of the micro controller (0-5 volt) into a voltage of +/- 12 volt. The converter uses the MAX232 converter IC.
RF Transmitter Module
RF Rx Module used in remote control applications where low cost and longer range is required. The transmitter operates from a 1.5-12V supply, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. The transmitter employs a SAW-stabilized oscillator, ensuring accurate frequency control for best range performance. Output power and harmonic emissions are easy to control, making FCC and ETSI compliance easy.
Receiver (RF ID Reader)
RF Module Interface
The RF Rx Module is used in short-range remote control applications where cost is a primary concern. The receiver module requires no external RF components except for the antenna. It generates virtually no emissions, making FCC and ETSI approvals easy. The super-regenerative design exhibits exceptional sensitivity at a very low cost.
Rx Module Connect with micro controller Port RC0. RF Module Receive the Modulated data from antenna. In the RF Module uses a super-regenerative AM detector to demodulate the incoming AM carrier (Modulated data). Demodulated data give it to the micro controller. Micro controllers decode the valid user code and send the data information to the PC for Data Logging. If valid user codes receive then operate a relay.
Micro controller
The full circuit of the projects is shown in schematic diagram the brain of the receive is the Pre micro controller. The circuits comprise Microchip PIC16F72 micro controller (U2), 434MHZ RF receiver module, relay, buzzer, and MAX232, RS232 Voltage Level Converter. PIC16F72 is an 8-bit CMOS micro controller. Its internal circuitry reducing the need for external components, thus reducing the cost and power consumption and enhancing the system reliability.
CONCLUSION
RFID offers new levels of visibility for companies that want to track physical items between locations. In the retail supply chain, goods tagged at the point of manufacture can now be traced from the factory to the shop floor, providing a real time view of inventory for all supply chain partners.
Awareness of RFID technology and the benefits it delivers is increasing across the industry. By playing a key role in developing the infrastructure required for RFID, Microsoft is contributing to the momentum of mass deployment.