19-06-2013, 12:32 PM
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELIMINATING TOXIC PARTICLE SILENCER
DESIGN AND FABRICATION.pdf (Size: 3.06 MB / Downloads: 114)
ABSTRACT
Air pollution is most important for the public health point of view, because
every individual person breathes approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to
22 Kg of air daily. Air pollution can be defined as addition to our atmosphere of any
material, which will have a dexterous effect on life upon our planet. It is a well-known
fact that the toxic gases emitted in diesel engines are greater than petrol engines. Due to
high cost of petrol, diesel engines are more in use the main pollutants contribute by
automobiles are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of
nitrogen (Nox) and Lead. Automobiles are not the only source of air pollution, other
sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel
consumption, refuse burning, industrial processing etc. An Eliminating toxic
particle silencer is an attempt in this direction which is mainly dealing with control of
emission and noise. An Eliminating toxic particle silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe
of engine. The noise and smoke level is considerable less than the
conventional silencer, it is cheaper, no need of catalytic converter and easy to install.
This project is an attempt to reduce the toxic content of exhaust, before it is emitted to
the atmosphere. This system can be safely used for petrol power packs which could be
used in inflammable atmospheres, such as refineries, chemicals processing industries,
open cost mines and other confined areas. Achieving this toxic gases are to be reduced
to acceptable limits before they are emitted out of this atmosphere, which otherwise
will be hazardous and prone to accidents
INTRODUCTION
Air pollution is one of the serious environmental concerns of the urban Asian
cities including India where majority of the population is exposed to poor air quality.
The health related problems such as respiratory diseases, risk of developing cancers and
other serious ailments etc. due to poor air quality are known and well documented.
Besides the health effects, air pollution also contributes to tremendous economic losses,
especially in the sense of financial resources that are required for giving medical
assistance to the affected people. The poor are often the most affected segment of the
population as they do not have adequate measures to protect themselves from air
pollution.
Most of the Indian Cities are also experiencing rapid urbanization and the
majority of the country’s population is expected to be living in cities within a span of
next two decades. Since poor ambient air quality is largely an urban problem this will
directly affect millions of the dwellers in the cities.
OBJECTIVE OF THE WORK
The main objective are
1. To reduce the toxic particles like hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide
(CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) before it is
emitted to the atmosphere.
2. To experimentally determine the emission from actual silencer and to
compare with the ETP silencer.
3. Comparison of emission by varying lime stone amount.
4. Comparison of emission by varying speed.
5. Comparison of emission by constant speed.
SCOPE OF THE WORK
Motor vehicles are the primary source of urban air pollution in developed
countries; the case is different in developing countries. The reason is that developing
countries trace their air pollution problems to industrial, domestic and vehicular
sources. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological
development, petrol fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel
is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. In spite we cannot
ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity
of our environment every day. While constant research is going on to reduce the toxic
content of exhaust, the diesel power packs find the ever increasing applications and
demand. Internal combustion engines need a mixture of air and fuel to burn and
produce energy to move the vehicle. It is these burnt gases which come out of the
exhaust have the potential to cause pollution. In petrol engines the gases comprise of a
mixture of unburnt hydrocarbons (HC), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen
(NOx). It is a combination of these gases that which result in automobile pollution
when they are in excess quantity.
SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT
India has also resulted in a tremendous increase the number of motor vehicles.
The vehicle fleets have even doubled in some cities in the last one decade. This
increased mobility, however, come with a high price. As the number of vehicles
continues to grow and the consequent congestion increases, vehicles are now becoming
the main source of air pollution in urban India. In this project we are reducing the toxic
particles to agreeable levels. The chapter 1 contains the problem statement, objectives
and scope of the work involved in this project. The chapter 2 contains the work carried
out earlier by the researchers in automobile silencer and gases emission from exhaust
vehicle and the new technologies used in automobile silencer. The chapter 3 discussed
about the toxic particle from the exhaust and the human problem caused due to the
excessive emission. Chapter 4 deals with the design consideration in making the ETP
silencer and the relative chemical reaction that occur in the silencer for reducing the
toxic level. Chapter 5 reflects the methodology used in analysis of the project using
present silencer and the ETP silencer with four gas analyzer of different testing
conditions.
EXPERIMENTATION
OVERVIEW
Analysis of the ETP silencer of has been conducted at KVG Polytechnic, Sullia.
Here we had used a four gas analyzer and the software used is ELGI ECOMATE gas
analyzer India. Experimentation has been done in four stroke and two stroke engines
and the analysis has been made. In the ETP silencer we had conducted analysis with oil
and lime stone water .At first analysis is done with unburnt engine oil in the silencer
and next unburnt engine oil is replaced by lime stone water with 80 gm of lime stone
content. In addition to that lime stone content of 25gm, 50gm, 75gm, 100gm, 125gm
and 150gm is also added to check the emission from the exhaust.
CONCLUSION
With the use of ETP silencer the toxic levels are decreasing agreeable level. The
Lime stone water in the silencer can itself play an important role in absorbing the
obnoxious products of combustion like the oxides of Nitrogen. It also serves to dissolve
the unburned hydrocarbon, which is present in the emission, there by serves to suppress
a spark before it is emitted to the surrounding environment. With the use of oil in the
silencer the exhaust emission is found to be increasing. When the oil is replaced by
lime water stone in the silencer the exhaust emission is reduced than the normal
silencer.