25-08-2012, 11:45 AM
DISEASES
diseases.pptx (Size: 744.33 KB / Downloads: 42)
HEALTH
What is health?
•A state of ‘being well’
•A state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally and socially.
Which are the factors important for staying in good health?
•Physical Environment•Social Environment•Cleanliness (Personal Hygiene and Public Cleanliness)•Good Food•Good economic conditions•Social Equality and harmony (an example of how community issues effect individual health)•To have the opportunity to realise the unique potential in all of us
DISEASE
A disease is an abnormal condition affecting the body of an organism. It is often construed to be a medical condition associated with specific symptoms and signs. It may be caused by external factors, such as infectious disease, or it may be caused by internal dysfunctions, such as autoimmune diseases. In humans, "disease" is often used more broadly to refer to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and/or death to the person afflicted, or similar problems for those in contact with the person. In this broader sense, it sometimes includes injuries, disabilities, disorders, syndromes, infections. Isolated symptoms, deviant behaviors, and atypical variations of structure and function, while in other contexts and for other purposes these may be considered distinguishable categories. Diseases usually affect people not only physically, but also emotionally, as contracting and living with many diseases can alter one's perspective on life, and their personality.
ILLNESS
Illness and sickness are generally used as synonyms for disease. However, this term is occasionally used to refer specifically to the patient's personal experience of their disease. In this model, it is possible for a person to be diseased without being ill, (to have an objectively definable, but asymptomatic, medical condition), and to be ill without being diseased (such as when a person perceives a normal experience as a medical condition, or medicalizes a non-disease situation in his or her life). Illness is often not due to infection but a collection of evolved responses, sickness behavior, by the body aids the clearing of infection. Such aspects of illness can include lethargy, depression, anorexia, sleepiness, hyperalgesia, and inability to concentrate
DISORDER
In medicine, a disorder is a functional abnormality or disturbance. Medical disorders can be categorized into mental disorders, physical disorders, genetic disorders, emotional and behavioral disorders, and functional disorders.
The term disorder is often considered more value-neutral and less stigmatizing than the terms disease or illness, and therefore is preferred terminology in some circumstances. In mental health, the term mental disorder is used as a way of acknowledging the complex interaction of biological, social, and psychological factors in psychiatric conditions. However, the term disorder is also used in many other areas of medicine, primarily to identify physical disorders that are not caused by infectious organisms, such as metabolic disorders.
Infectous diseases
Infectious diseases, also known as communicable diseases, contagious diseases or transmissible diseases comprise clinically evident illness (i.e., characteristic medical signs and/or symptoms of disease) resulting from the infection, presence and growth of pathogenic biological agents in an individual host organism. In certain cases, infectious diseases may be asymtomatic for much or all of their course. Infectious pathogens include some viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions. These pathogens are the cause of disease epidemics, in the sense that without the pathogen, no infectious epidemic occurs.
NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Non-infectious diseases (also called Non-communicable diseases) are those diseases that are not caused by a pathogen and cannot be shared from one person to another. In contrast, transmissible diseases caused by pathogenic organisms are infectious diseases. There are many kinds of non-infectious diseases. Some examples of are cancer, asthma, and heart diseases.
Non-infectious diseases may be caused by either the environment, nutritional deficiencies, lifestyle choices, or genetic inheritances. Unlike infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases are not communicable or contagious, although some kinds can be passed down genetically to the children of a carrier.
Historically, infectious diseases were the main cause of death in the world and, indeed, in some developing regions this may still be the case. With the development of antibiotics and vaccination programs, infectious disease is no longer the leading cause of death in the western world. Non-infectious disease is now responsible for the leading causes of death in both developed and some developing countries.
Acute diseases
An acute disease (as opposed to chronic disease) is medically defined as an adverse condition that appears suddenly, progresses rapidly, and is of relatively short duration.
For example, acute bronchitis usually presents itself over a course of less than a week and usually can be cured within a week. Chronic bronchitis usually comes on during a period of years of respiratory damage and is usually a permanent condition. Acute pain appears suddenly and is soon alleviated, while chronic pain goes on for a lengthy period of time.