05-12-2012, 02:06 PM
DYNAMIC Traffic Control System based on RFID
DYNAMIC Traffic Control.pptx (Size: 319.06 KB / Downloads: 24)
WHAT IS RFID AND WHY IT IS USED?
RFID = Radio Frequency Identification is the technology thatuses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track.
Various forms of electronic labeling that can be updated (read/write)
Can be interrogated “hands free” at a distance, rapidly and reliably
Does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item
Extremely low error rate
Data cannot easily be copied
Can be interfaced with micro sensors to collect previously non-existent environmental data
Lower frequencies offer greater range; higher frequencies provide faster data transfer
HOW DOES THIS SYSTEM WORKS?
Our idea is to place two RFID readers (separated by some distance) in each direction of a road crossing and have a Central Computer System (CCS) tocontrol them all. As a vehicle passes by a reader, it tracks the vehicle and retrieves its Electronic Product Code (EPC) data [. Currently available hardware can be used to monitor vehicles traveling at normal speed (40-60 km/hr)at a read distance of 10m (33 ft.). The data obtained is then sent immediately to the CCS by wireless orwired channels (as found convenient at that location).
The CCS contains a Central Database Processing
System (CDPS) for processing vehicular data
Decision Making Section (DMS) for controlling the traffic signals.
CENTRAL DATABASE PROCESSING SYSTEM
The CDPS consists of two parts:-
(1) A dynamic database where the records of
vehicles currently passing the crossing are
temporarily stored
(2) A permanent database which stores the records of all vehicles that have passed the crossing.
System (CDPS) for processing vehicular data
At each instant, the CDPS checks the data in various parts of the dynamic database and computes the volume of traffic for both the roads intersecting at the crossing. It then sends the computed information to the Decision Making Section. The volume of traffic is not calculated simply by the number of vehicles but
by a complex set of equations which take into account pre-defined factors (obtained by research) like:–
(a) Type of vehicle (Whether it is a smaller vehicle like a scooter or a car, or a larger vehicle like a bus or a truck)
(b) Priority assigned to the vehicle (Each type of vehicle is assigned a specific priority based on its size, frequency of that vehicle at the crossing, time of the day etc.)
© Priority assigned to the path of travel (This factor becomes essential when both the roads intersecting at the crossing are not of the same importance. e.g.- Intersection of a national highway with an ordinary road.)
(d) Time (The time of the day, and day of the week)So, the volume of traffic takes into account the priority assigned to each vehicle at the present time of the day and also the priority assigned to the two roads intersecting at the crossing.
Decision Making Section (DMS) for controlling the traffic signals
(1) The volume of traffic as received from the CDPS (Green light is shown in direction of maximum volume of traffic)
(2) Since volume of traffic can fluctuate very rapidly, it is not possible to alter traffic signals based only on this factor. So, a minimum time is set for which the traffic signals remain constant before checking for the volume of traffic again.
(3) A maximum time is set after which a constant traffic signal must change irrespective of volume of traffic. This is done to ensure that no vehicle has to wait too long at the crossing.
Conclusion
We have proposed an architecture for creating Intelligent Systems for controlling road traffic. Our system is based on the principle of RFID tracking of vehicles. The effectiveness of our approach can be judged from the features and advantages it can provides. The advantages ITCS can provide were demonstrated in detail which vouches for its effectiveness in traffic management systems. However, it is debatable whether monitoring every vehicle is morally acceptable and whether it is a violation of one of the basic civil rights—privacy.