24-01-2013, 04:45 PM
WIRELESS HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
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Abstract:
The cardiovascular system of the body has three components:
• The heart (cardiac muscle)
• The blood vessels
• The blood
The cardiovascular system serves a number of important functions in the body. It e.g. delivers oxygen and nutrients to, and removes carbon dioxide and metabolic waste products from, every cell in the body.
Heart
The heart is the primary pump that circulates blood through the entire vascular system. Heart has two atria acting as receiving chambers and two ventricles acting as sending units. The right side of the heart (right atrium and ventricle) receives the blood that has circulated throughout the body and sends it into the lungs for re oxygenation. The left side of the heart (left atrium and ventricle) receives the oxygenated blood from the lungs and sends it out to supply all body.
Cardiac muscle has the unique ability to generate its own electrical signal that allows it to contract rhythmically (about 60-80 beats per minute). Although the heart initiates its own electrical impulses, their timing and effects can be altered by the parasympathetic nervous system, the sympathetic nervous system and by hormones. At rest, parasympathetic system activity predominates but during times of physical or emotional stress the sympathetic system predominates. The electrical activity of the heart can be recorded as an electrocardiogram
By monitoring the variations of heart rate continuously, the doctors come to know
whether the patient needs an urgent treatment or not. So the doctors can prevent any thing that trouble patient’s life.
Introduction:
The proposed heart rate monitoring system is advantageous for the patients admitted in ICU, as well as doctors. All the beds are connected with heart beat sensors and all these sensor equipments will be in a wireless network. A server system with a computer will be collecting all the heart rate information from all the beds(patients).
In the computer screen it will be displayed the heart rate with the patient ID.
WHAT IS ZIG BEE ?
Zigbee wireless network technology is a new standard launched and made by ZigBee Alliance. The alliance, founded in August 2001, is a fast-growing and non-profit organization, and it aims is to provide consumers with more flexible and easier electronic products. The second half of 2002, four large corporations including the British company Invensys, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Motorola and the Dutch giant Philips Semiconductor Corporation jointed together to announce that they would join the "ZigBee Alliance" to invent the next-generation wireless communication standards named "ZigBee", which became a significant milestone in the development process. In October 2004, the ZigBee Alliance announced a version 1.0 of ZigBee protocol, and in December 2005 version 1.1. This protocol is developed based on IEEE 802.15.4
Zigbee uses free frequency bands of 2.4 GHz and 900 MHz, and its transmission rate is 20 kbps to 250 kbps. In this project we are using standard Zigbee wireless network modules. The Zigbee module and protocol have been successfully applied to power system, medical and some other fields.
WHY ZIG BEE?
Zigbee is a worldwide open standard for wireless radio networks in the monitoring and control fields. The standard was developed by the ZigBee Alliance (an association of international companies) to meet the following principal needs:
• low cost
• ultra-low power consumption
• use of unlicensed radio bands
• cheap and easy installation
• flexible and extendable networks
• integrated intelligence for network set-up and message routing
Some of the above requirements are related - for example, the need for extremely low power consumption is motivated by the use of battery-powered nodes which can be installed cheaply and easily, without any power cabling, in difficult locations.
In this project we are monitoring the temperature of High Power line conductors (Above 210 Kv). Since it is a high power transmission cable there will be a magnetic field around the conductor. This magnetic field will affect the data transmission and there is a chance to lose or corrupt the data if we use any other protocol other than ZIG BEE.
So ZIG BEE is the suitable technology for this kind of application.
Typical Application Areas
Application areas that are suitable for Zigbee networks are likely to have the following characteristics or requirements:
• low data rates (less than 250kbps)
• nodes which are idle (not transmitting/receiving) for long periods
• node locations where cables would be difficult or expensive to install
• a need to modify the network (add, remove or move nodes) while in service
The following are typical application areas in which Zigbee provides a low-cost solution
Commercial Building and Home Automation: Electronic control within a building or home can be implemented through wireless networks - example applications are HVAC (heating, ventilation and air-conditioning), lighting, curtains/blinds, doors, locks and home entertainment systems.