05-04-2012, 12:43 PM
Demand Response Scheduling by Stochastic SCUC
Demand Response Scheduling by Stochastic SCUC.doc (Size: 16.69 KB / Downloads: 30)
ABSTRACT
Considerable developments in the real-time telemetry of demand-side systems allow independent system operators (ISOs) to use reserves provided by demand response (DR) in ancillary service markets. Currently, many ISOs have designed programs to utilize the reserve provided by DR in electricity markets. This paper presents a stochastic model to schedule reserves provided by DR in the wholesale electricity markets. Demand-side reserve is supplied by demand response providers (DRPs), which have the responsibility of aggregating and managing customer responses. A mixed-integer representation of reserve provided by DRPs and its associated cost function are used in the proposed stochastic model.
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
EXISTING SYSTEM
DR programs can be divided into two major programs: time-based DR programs, and incentive-based DR programs. Both type of DRs are currently under operation in many ISOs around the world. The time-based DR programs are established to overcome flat or averaged electricity pricing flaws. Many types of these programs are designed in different independent system operators (ISOs), from which time-of-use tariffs, critical-peak pricing, and real-time pricing are the three well-known programs.
The incentive-based DR programs offer payments for customers to reduce their electricity usage during periods of system need or stress. The incentive-based DR programs substantially have market based structures, and can be offered in both retail and wholesale markets. Different types of incentive-based programs span over long-term to mid-term, short-term, and even real-time offered programs, each of which has its own goal of operation.
RAWBACK IN EXISTING SYSTEM
a. ISO-sponsored DR programs have requirements such as minimum curtailment level. Many of retail customers do not satisfy these requirements.
b. There is no security assurance in system.
PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) problem. The first-stage involves network-constrained unit commitment in the base case and the second-stage investigates security assurance in system scenarios. The proposed model would schedule reserves provided by DRPs and determine commitment states of generating units and their scheduled energy and spinning reserves in the scheduling horizon.
In order to better implementation of DR programs, new market participants designated as demand response providers (DRP) are introduced in wholesale electricity markets.
ADVANTAGES IN PROPOSED SYSTEM
a. A DRP participates in electricity markets as a medium between ISO and retail customers, and has the responsibility of aggregating and managing customer responses to ISO offered programs.
b. The DRP enrolls customers to participate in different DR programs, and offers the aggregated responses in the ISO’s program.
c. The proposed stochastic model is formulated as a two-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) problem. The first-stage involves network-constrained unit commitment in the base case and the second-stage investigates security assurance in system scenarios.
The proposed stochastic mixed-integer programming (SMIP) model considers the following goals:
commit generating units and clear the energy market;
schedule spinning reserve of each generating unit (simultaneous clearing of spinning reserve market);
schedule DRP reserve;
consider random outages of generating units and transmission lines;
deviations of power produced in scenarios as compared to the base case is measured and monetized by reserve variables;
Consider involuntary load curtailments as possible corrective actions.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
HARDWARE
PROCESSOR : PENTIUM IV 2.6 GHz, Intel Core 2 Duo.
RAM : 512 MB DD RAM
MONITOR : 15” COLOR
HARD DISK : 40 GB
CDDRIVE : LG 52X
SOFTWARE
Front End : JAVA (SWINGS)
Back End : MS SQL 2000/05
Operating System : Windows XP/07
IDE : Net Beans, Eclipse