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Abstract - Punching Machine is one of the principal
machines in paper cutting industry & sheet metal industry. It
is mainly used as the name indicates to cut strips. So we are
going to make a machine for “PUNCHING INDUSTRIES”
and make it multipurpose & should be used to cut the card
board , asbestos sheets, papers, foam, thin plastic sheets. The
machine is simple to maintain, easy to operate. Hence we tried
our hands on “automatic punching machine.”
Automatic punching machine is working on the principle of
electromagnetics. This type of punching machine is used to
punch basically card board, asbestos, sheets, papers, foam,
and thin plastic sheets. Punching is depend on feed rate which
done manually.
INTRODUCTION
Punching is metal forming process that uses a punch
press to force a tool, called punch. This type of punching
machine is used to create a hole in thin cork sheet, asbestos,
plastic sheet and more material as per the capacity of
electromagnet.
Generally in conventional punching process like
mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic force is used to
operet the punch in which creates large amount of friction;
as well as inaccurecy to perform the micro level operation.
This type of punching machine is based on the magnetic
force developed by electromagnetic coils. This machine is
manually operated i.e ON/OFF system which helps to
reduce friction and also control the power consumption.
This project is designed for small operation. it has low
initial cost, low maintainance cost, less capital investment.
II. PROBLEM DEFINATION
The punching is the major operation performed in
industry, and to perform this operation in mass number the
manpower is require which results in to high cost of
production, more time require to complete the operation,
affect the accuracy of product so for automation in system
we are trying to do a work on new system in punching.
The Electromagnetic punching machine have following
objectives:
1) To reduce the man power.
2) To maintain the accuracy.
3) To develop automation unit for the punching so that
m/c can easily be adopted in today‟s automated plants.
4) This type of m/c provides work practically at low cost,
low maintenance, low capital investment in less space.
5) To performed the most rigid operation with high speed.
III. CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING
The punching machine consists of a punching tool, die,
push rod, supporting vertical pin, springs, vertical rod, lock
pins and an external support structure. Control panel
consist with volt meter, indicator, push button. switch is
connected between power supply->control panel->
magnetic windings.
This setup is connected to single phase, 230 volt supply
which when get „ON‟ the power is supply to the
electromagnet and the magnetic field is get generated due
to this magnetic field the mild steel plate on the
electromagnet is get attracted towards the electromagnet
and at the same time the push rod is also get in downward
direction which creates the punch on material When the
electric supply is cut off, the magnetic field stop to exist
and after the electromagnet loses its magnetization, the
spring retracts, moving the punching tool away from the
work piece and the cycle is completed. The tool and work
piece are then separated by means of four return springs.
The springs are initially compressed during the forward
stroke. The punched work piece is removed from the
punching machine and another is loaded on to the die block
in its plates. This procedure is repeated in order to obtain
subsequent punches.
IV. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES
4.1 Electromagnetic Winding:
Copper is good conductor of electricity so we have
decided to make winding of copper wire for electromagnet.
The working principle of electromagnet is based on the
faradays left hand rule. The magnetic field produced by the
winding, magnetizes the electromagnet. The electromagnet
now act as a powerful magnet and it attracts the mild steel
plate which is the good magnetic material. Here the 2
electromagnet in series is used because the power of both
the electromagnet are get combined together and we got
better result. This force produced is transmitted to the tool
for the required punching operation
4.2 Raw Material Purchase
The first step involved in the fabrication process is the
finding of all the required raw materials. Mild Steel is the
material used for most of the components. After obtaining
all the required raw materials, the various parts are
machined.
4.3 Fabrication Of Frame:
The various rectangular components like vertical beam,
top cover plate, bottom cover plate and side plates are
machined to the required dimensions using a shaper. Then
surface grinding is done to finishing of the components.
Holes are drilled into the surface by the vertical drilling
machine. Finally Black colour painting was done on the
rectangular structure.
4.4 Spring:
The main purpose electrical supply to the electromagnet
is get stoped or cut off. The compressed spring now exerts
force on the vertical bar and lifts it up, enabling the
operator to remove the work piece and load another work
piece. Before punching, the spring keeps the vertical bar
and punching tool up, so that the work piece can be loaded
without obstacle of our spring is twofold. After the
punching, the spring is used for a return mechanism to push
the punching tool up. Then work piece has got punched
successfully
4.5 Vertical Push Rod:
The material used for the vertical beam is mild steel.
When the electromagnet get magnetized the M.S plate get
attracted towards the electromagnet and the vertical beam
connected to the M.S plate is also go in downward
direction and it exert a force.
4.6 Punching Tool:
The punching tool is made of High Carbon steel. It is
fitted at bottom of the vertical beam. When the force
exerted by electromagnet push the rod in downward
direction the tool fitted at bottom of rod make a punch on
the object.