18-09-2014, 02:15 PM
Design and Development of Vehicle anti-collision System using Electromagnet and Ultrasonic Sensors Project Report
Design and Development.pdf (Size: 300.03 KB / Downloads: 84)
Abstract
Electromagnetic anti-collision device is proposed
here in order to avoid Vehicular Head to Head/Back
collision that estimates the distance between the two
vehicles running extreme traffic condition. It incorporates
distance finding between two vehicles using ultrasonic
range finder. The vehicle collision and its impact emerged
as the major problem in the last two decades when the use
of the automobile increased to a subsequent number. In
order to avoid vehicle collision/ road accidents this system
will work in two stages: - A Range finder will continuously
track the distance between two vehicles moving and sends
it to the ECM using these inputs if it finds the vehicle in the
vicinity of the other it will automatically actuate the sensor
strip for Electromagnetic Induction. This system is
reliable, cost-efficient and fault tolerable. These
characteristics enable the vehicle anti-collision in adaptive
control environment
INTRODUCTION
All the greatest achievements of the history,
Automobile is most probably the one which
significantly changed human life. The periodical
improvement in the technology gives human race a new
height. In the later years after independence the number
of vehicles subsequently increased but in the last two
decades it spreads drastically in every level of the
society hence safety becomes the main concern. Road
Accidents account a severe threat to the lives in both
ways physical as well as financial, even after digital
control of the vehicle. However, due to human
avoidance, circumstantial error and negligence accidents
occur. Many people lost their life every year in vehicle
collision majorly due to drivers’ inability to keenly
observe the vehicles’ vicinity while driving and in
traffic condition.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
A micro controller (ATMEGA 16) receives echo
signals from ultrasonic range finding sensor. This
information is used to excite solenoids to create
electromagnetic field. Ultrasonic sensors continuously
read distance between two vehicles and output is
displaying on dashboard of vehicle. If the distance
reduces to certain level, excitation circuit starts working
to create electromagnetic field. The developed Circuit
can be interfaced with PC with the help of USB to serial
cable. The program of each node is written on
embedded C through coder and debugger AVR studio 4
and compiling through PONY-PROG software
Atmega16
It is a microcontroller from Atmel which is powered by
the AVR core. It is an 8-bit,low powered microcontroller
with 16 kilobytes in-system self programmable flash. This
core is capable of running 16MIPS with a 16MHz crystal. It
has an advanced RISC architecture with 32 X 8 general
purpose working registers. The microcontroller features
programmable serial USART and master/slave SPI serial
interface. It has 32 programmable I/O lines and 40 pin PDIP. It
is capable of executing one instruction per cycle.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT
This unit is basically designed to power up the node 1 and
node 2. This provides 5 V, 500mA output to drive the nodes.
Here, the AC voltage at 220V is stepped down to 20V using a
220/20V step down transformer. This AC voltage at 20V is fed
to rectifier that converts it to DC voltage and is then filtered
using 40 Farad shunt capacitor. The filtered DC voltage is
then regulated using a 7805 regulator, and is then supplied to
the the microcontroller at 5V, 500 mA.
SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
The firmware for the model is developed using C
programming language. The binary code is generated
with the help of WinAVR compiler based on GCC port
by GNU. The IDE used is AVR Studio.The data logging
system may use any of software that is capable of
logging data from a serial port. It may be a user created
software or a standard software like HyperTerminal.
Microcontroller has been programmed to test the
hardware as well to achieve the goal of WSN
application,which involved the following steps.
Burning
Machine language (hex) file of compile program
burned into the microcontroller’s program memory is
achieved with a dedicated programmer, which attaches
to a PC’s peripheral. PC’s serial port has been used for
the purpose. In the present work the Ponyprog
programmer has been used to burn the machine
language file into the microcontroller’s program
memory. Ponyprog is serial device programmer
software with a user-friendly GUI frame work available
for Windows 95/ 98/ ME/ NT/2000/XP and Intel Linux.
Its purpose is reading and writing every serial device. It
supports I²C Bus, Micro wire, SPI eeprom, and the
Atmel AVR and Microchip PIC microcontroller. The
microcontrollers were programmed in approximately
two seconds with a high speed-programming mode. The
program memory, which is of Flash type, has, just like
the EEPROM, a limited lifespan. On the AVR
microcontroller family it may be reprogrammed up to a
thousand times without any risk of data
corruption.Atmega16Programmer (ISP) which is used to
burn the program into AVR microcontrollers is shown
in Fig
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
In this paper we have proposed and analyzed the
effectiveness of an active vehicles anti-collision system,
in which Ultrasonic range finder, excitation circuit and
GSM are working properly. Future we are developing
this system with GPS to log the position of collided
vehicles to the emergency helpline.