25-08-2017, 09:32 PM
E- Banking
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DEFINITION OF E-BANKING
Electronic banking, also known as electronic funds transfer (EFT), is simply the use of electronic means to transfer funds directly from one account to another, rather than by cheque or cash. You can use electronic funds transfer to:
•Have your paycheck deposited directly into your bank or credit union checking account.
•Withdraw money from your checking account from an ATM machine with a personal identification number (PIN), at your convenience, day or night.
•Instruct your bank or credit union to automatically pay certain monthly bills from your account, such as your auto loan or your mortgage payment.
•Have the bank or credit union transfer funds each month from your checking account to your mutual fund account.
•Have your government social security benefits check or your tax refund deposited directly into your checking account.
•Buy groceries, gasoline and other purchases at the point-of-sale, using a check card rather than cash, credit or a personal check.
•Use a smart card with a prepaid amount of money embedded in it for use instead of cash at a pay phone, expressway road toll, or on college campuses at the library's photocopy machine or bookstores.
•Use your computer and personal finance software to coordinate your total personal financial management process, integrating data and activities related to your income, spending, saving, investing, recordkeeping, bill-paying and taxes, along with basic financial analysis and decision making.
VARIOUS FORMS OF E-BANKING
INTERNET BANKING
Internet Banking lets you handle many banking transactions via your personal computer. For instance, you may use your computer to view your account balance, request transfers between accounts, and pay bills electronically.
Internet banking system and method in which a personal computer is connected by a network service provider directly to a host computer system of a bank such that customer service requests can be processed automatically without need for intervention by customer service representatives. The system is capable of distinguishing between those customer service requests which are capable of automated fulfillment and those requests which require handling by a customer service representative. The system is integrated with the host computer system of the bank so that the remote banking customer can access other automated services of the bank. The method of the invention includes the steps of inputting a customer banking request from among a menu of banking requests at a remote personnel computer; transmitting the banking requests to a host computer over a network; receiving the request at the host computer; identifying the type of customer banking request received; automatic logging of the service request, comparing the received request to a stored table of request types, each of the request types having an attribute to indicate whether the request type is capable of being fulfilled by a customer service representative or by an automated system; and, depending upon the attribute, directing the request either to a queue for handling by a customer service representative or to a queue for processing by an automated system.
AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINES (ATM):
An unattended electronic machine in a public place, connected to a data system and related equipment and activated by a bank customer to obtain cash withdrawals and other banking services. Also called automatic teller machine, cash machine; Also called money machine.
An automated teller machine or automatic teller machine (ATM) is an electronic computerized telecommunications device that allows a financial institution's customers to directly use a secure method of communication to access their bank accounts, order or make cash withdrawals (or cash advances using a credit card) and check their account balances without the need for a human bank teller (or cashier in the UK). Many ATMs also allow people to deposit cash or cheques, transfer money between their bank accounts, top up their mobile phones' pre-paid accounts or even buy postage stamps.
On most modern ATMs, the customer identifies him or herself by inserting a plastic card with a magnetic stripe or a plastic smartcard with a chip, that contains his or her account number. The customer then verifies their identity by entering a passcode, often referred
TELE BANKING
Undertaking a host of banking related services including financial transactions from the convenience of customers chosen place anywhere across the GLOBE and any time of date and night has now been made possible by introducing on-line Telebanking services. By dialing the given Telebanking number through a landline or a mobile from anywhere, the customer can access his account and by following the user-friendly menu, entire banking can be done through Interactive Voice Response (IVR) system. With sufficient numbers of hunting lines made available, customer call will hardly fail. The system is bi-lingual and has following facilities offered
• Automatic balance voice out for the default account.
• Balance inquiry and transaction inquiry in all
• Inquiry of all term deposit account
• Statement of account by Fax, e-mail or ordinary mail.
• Cheque book request
• Stop payment which is on-line and instantaneous
• Transfer of funds with CBS which is automatic and instantaneous
• Utility Bill Payments
• Renewal of term deposit which is automatic and instantaneous
• Voice out of last five transactions
BENEFITS OF E-BANKING
For Banks:
Price- In the long run a bank can save on money by not paying for tellers or for managing branches. Plus, it's cheaper to make transactions over the Internet.
Customer Base- The Internet allows banks to reach a whole new market- and a well off one too, because there are no geographic boundaries with the Internet. The Internet also provides a level playing field for small banks who want to add to their customer base.
Efficiency- Banks can become more efficient than they already are by providing Internet access for their customers. The Internet provides the bank with an almost paper less system.
Customer Service and Satisfaction- Banking on the Internet not only allow the customer to have a full range of services available to them but it also allows them some services not offered at any of the branches. The person does not have to go to a branch where that service may or may not be offer. A person can print of information, forms, and applications via the Internet and be able to search for information efficiently instead of waiting in line and asking a teller. With more better and faster options a bank will surly be able to create better customer relations and satisfaction.
Image- A bank seems more state of the art to a customer if they offer Internet access. A person may not want to use Internet banking but having the service available gives a person the feeling that their bank is on the cutting image.
For Customers
CONCERNS WITH E-BANKING
As with any new technology new problems are faced.
Customer support - banks will have to create a whole new customer relations department to help customers. Banks have to make sure that the customers receive assistance quickly if they need help. Any major problems or disastrous can destroy the banks reputation quickly an easily. By showing the customer that the Internet is reliable you are able to get the customer to trust online banking more and more.
Laws - While Internet banking does not have national or state boundaries, the law does. Companies will have to make sure that they have software in place software market, creating a monopoly.
Security: customer always worries about their protection and security or accuracy. There are always question whether or not something took place.
Other challenges: lack of knowledge from customers end, sit changes by the banks, etc
E-BANKING STRATEGIES
Though E-banking offers vast opportunities, yet even less than one in three banks have an E-banking strategy in place. According to a study, less than 15 percent of banks with transactional websites will realize profits directly attributable to those sites. Hence, banks must recognize the seriousness of the challenge ahead and develop a strategy that will enable them to leverage the opportunities presented by the Internet.
No single E-banking strategy is right for every banking company. But whether they adopt an offensive or a defensive posture, they must constantly re-evaluate their strategy. In the fast-paced e-economy, banks have to keep up with the constantly evolving business models and technology innovations of the Internet space. Early e-business adopter like Wells Fargo not only entered the E-banking industry first but also showed flexibility to change as the market developed. Not many banks have been as e-business-savvy
E-BANKING TRANSACTIONS
The introduction of new technologies has radically transformed banking transactions. In the past, customers had to come physically into the bank branch to do banking transactions including transfers, deposits and withdrawals. Banks had to employ several tellers to physically make all those transactions. Automatic Teller Machines (ATMs) were then introduced which allowed people to do their banking on their own, practically anytime and anywhere. This helped the banks cut down on the number of tellers and focus on managing money. The Internet then brought another venue with which customers could do banking, reducing the need for ATMs. Online banking allowed customers to do financial transactions from their PCs at home via Internet. Now, with the emergence of Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) technology, banks can use the infrastructure and applications developed for the Internet and move it to mobile phones. Now people no longer have to be tied to a desktop PC to do their banking. The WAP interface is much faster and convenient than the Internet, allowing customers to see account details, transaction details, make bill payments, and even check credit card balance.
The cost of the average payment transaction on the Internet is minimum. Several studies found that the estimated transaction cost through mobile phone is16 cents, a fully computerized bank using its own software is 26 cents, a telephone bank is 54 cents, a bank branch, $1.27, an ATM, 27 cents, and on the Internet it costs just 13 cents. As
COMPUTERISATION OF BANKS INDIA - ISSUES & EVENTS
In the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries the Industrial revolution brought profound changes in the life style of man. Many activities that were hitherto performed by man employing his hands and his finger skill came to be carried at great speed and efficiency by machines. Man continued to carry out only those functions that needed his thinking process to be involved.
The Industrial Revolution on account of mass production of goods and services brought large commercial and business organizations, transcending national boundaries that employed several thousands of persons for performing routine, repetitive clerical tasks, relating to record keeping, maintaining accounts, attending/answering correspondence, preparing vouchers, invoices, bills and multiple of such other functions. This created white-collar employment for educated persons by leaps and bounds.
Clerical task is defined as a routine and repetitive performance involving, adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing numbers, and duplicating data/information from one source to another. The tools employed are "a pen, ink and paper", the knowledge of arithmetic tables, the basic knowledge of a language and minimum acquaintance with rules & procedures of the organisation that are followed day in day out and relevant to the job of the particular employee. Two plus two is four. It is always four. Should we need an educated worker to compute this task again and again? A business needed human agents to attend to production, marketing, finance etc. depicting high-level tasks. But more and more people were employed for performing low level tasks.
However as time went on the internal chorus of record keeping multiplied geometrically as commerce and industry grew in size and volume. The civil services of the Government and service-based organizations came in the fore-front to inherit this overload of white-collar employment. To quote a concrete example a major nationalised bank in India
CHALLENGES FACED IN COMPUTERISATION
Computerisation is expensive and needs huge investment in hardware and software and subsequent maintenance. The National Stock Exchange, India's No.1 user in computerised service has spent Rs.180 Crores to enable investors and brokers across the country to trade securities online. The rate of obsolescence in respect of both hardware and software is considerable. New and better products are emerging in the market, whose use would enable a rival organization to throw a challenge.
Computer crimes are committed widely in the West. India is no less potentially exposed to this risk, when turnover under Internet banking increases. It is easier to enforce security of information and accountability of performers in a manual system. But it needs elaborate steps to incorporate these features in the electronic system.
The structure of legal system is so far based on manual record keeping. It has to provide for electronic data to be accepted legally as evidence and in contracts.
Indian banking has accepted computerisation since 1993, more out of sheer compulsion and necessity to cope up increasing overload and incompatibility of the manual system to sustain further growth. The following pages you are presented a series of articles discussing the various facets of this momentous event and its far-reaching effects anticipated to unfold in the coming decade.
CASE STUDY – ICICI
Universal Bank. The strategy of ICICI bank after the merger with ICICI Ltd. is that of building a diversified portfolio. The merged entity will continue to be into project finance and the focus will be to tap the potential in retail financing.
ICICI bank offers a wide spectrum of domestic and international banking services to facilitate trade, investment, cross border business, treasury and foreign exchange services). ICICI bank has
been quick to realize that E- banking has changed from a somewhat experimental delivery vehicle into an increasingly mainstream one for delivery of broad spectrum of banking products and services. Basic E- banking services are rapidly changing from competitive differentiator to competitive necessity.
The group has leveraged on a number of tie-ups to come up with its various offering. For its Internet banking offering the ICICI bank uses Infinity from Infosys, for its credit card business its uses Vision Plus from Pay Sys, USA, for WAP services the tie-up with cellular service providers Orange and Airtel helps reach out to these users, while the WAP technology is being implemented by the in-house ICICI Infotech service. To leverage the Net for its marketing initiatives ICICI bank and Satyam Info way have jointly set up a "COM" company to promote banking products on the Net. The bank has also entered into agreements with leading corporate like BPL, Rediff.com., Usha Martin and Tata Communications for B to C solutions in a bid to further strengthen its Internet banking product ffering and services. Also ICICI has joined hands with a consortium led by Compaq to take the lead in offering a solution to the Indian e-commerce community. This consortium offers a B2B and B2C ecommerce payment gateway within India
NEW CHALLENGES FOR REGULATORS
This changing financial landscape brings with it new challenges for bank management and regulatory and supervisory authorities. The major ones stem from increased cross-border transactions resulting from drastically lower transaction costs and the greater ease of banking activities, and from the reliance on technology to provide banking services with the necessary security.
Regulatory Risk: Because the Internet allows services to be provided from anywhere in the world, there is a danger that banks will try to avoid regulation and supervision. What can regulators do? They can require even banks that provide their services from a remote location through the Internet to be licensed. Licensing would be particularly appropriate where supervision is weak and cooperation between a virtual bank and the home
THE MACROECONOMIC CHALLENGES
But the challenges are not limited to regulators. As the advent of E-banking quickly changes the financial landscape and increases the potential for quick cross-border capital movements, macroeconomic policymakers face several difficult questions.
• If electronic banking does make national boundaries irrelevant by facilitating capital movements, what does this imply for macroeconomic management?
• How is monetary policy affected when, for example, the use of electronic means makes it easier for banks to avoid reserve requirements, or when business can be conducted in foreign currencies as easily as in domestic currency?
• When offshore banking and capital flight are potentially only a few mouse clicks away, does a government have any leeway for independent monetary or fiscal policy?
• How will the choice of the exchange rate regime be affected, and how will E-banking influence the targeted level of international reserves of a central bank?
• Can a government afford to make any mistakes? Will the spread of electronic banking impose harsh market discipline on governments as well as on businesses?
The answers to these questions fall into two emerging strands of thought. First, the technological revolution—particularly the expansion of electronic money but also, more broadly, electronic advances in banking practices—could result in a decoupling of households' and firms' decisions from the purely financial operations of the central bank. Thus, the ability of monetary policy to influence inflation and economic activity would be threatened.
Second, as electronic banking expands, financial transaction costs can decline significantly. The result would be tantamount to a reduction in the "sand in the wheels" of the financial sector machinery, making capital flows even easier to effect, with a potential erosion of the effectiveness of domestic monetary policy. In this regard, proponents of
REGULATORY TOOLS TO OVERCOME CHALLENGES
There are four key tools that regulators need to focus on to address the new challenges posed by the arrival of E-banking.
Adaptation: In light of how rapidly technology is changing and what the changes mean for banking activities, keeping regulations up to date has been, and continues to be, a far-reaching, time-consuming, and complex task. In May 2001, the Bank for International Settlements issued its "Risk Management Principles for Electronic Banking," which discusses how to extend, adapt, and tailor the existing risk-management framework to the