28-08-2013, 04:56 PM
EBENEZER HOWARD PLANNING CONCEPTS
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EBENEZER HOWARD
Ebenezer Howard was born in Fore Street, City of London, the son of a shopkeeper.
Sir Ebenezer Howard (29 January 1850– May 1, 1928) is known for his publication Garden Cities of To-morrow (1898), the description of a utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature.
The publication resulted in the founding of the garden city movement, that realized several Garden Cities in Great Britain at the beginning of the 20th century.
Garden City most potent planning model in Western urban planning.
Created by Ebenezer Howard in 1898 to solve
urban and rural problems.
Source of many key planning ideas during 20th century
THE CONCEPT
Howard believed that all people agreed the overcrowding and deterioration of cities was one of the troubling issues of their time.
Howard’s garden city concept combined the town and country in order to provide the working class an alternative to working on farms or ‘crowded, unhealthy cities’.
‘Garden City’ – an impressive diagram of THE THREE MAGNETS namely the town magnet, country magnet with their advantages and disadvantages and the third magnet with attractive features of both town and country life.Naturally people preferred the third one
namely Garden City.
The Garden City would consist of different zones, street types and green belts. The core in the centre is about 4km² and contains a central park, surrounded by a commercial, cultural and administrative zone.
An estate of 6,000 acres was to be bought and held in trust for the people of Garden City.
A town was to be built near the centre of the estate to occupy about 1,000 acres.
In the centre was to be a park in which were placed the public buildings, and around the park a great arcade containing shops, etc.
The population of the town was to be 30,000. The building plots were to be of an average size of 10 by 130 feet.
There were to be common gardens and cooperative kitchens. On the outer ring of the town there were to be factories, warehouses, etc., fronting on a circular railway.
The agricultural estate of 5,000acres was to be properly developed for agricultural purposes as part of the scheme, and the population of this belt was taken at 2,000.