30-01-2013, 10:14 AM
EFFICIENT ELECTRICAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT
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ABSTRACT:
Power is the engine of growth of any developing economy, and as the time is running out for reforms for power crisis, this paper tries to show some effective solutions to reduce losses in electrical equipment which are widely used in Industrial, Commercial , Agricultural , Domestic and Power Sectors so that electrical energy can be effectively managed to overcome present situation of power crisis. In this paper we are going to give a brief scenario of saving electrical energy by the following methods in various electrical equipment.
INTRODUCTION:
Energy management is defined as the scientific investigation , analysis, optimization and control of the use of energy and it is very much concerned with instructing and training people to conserve energy.
The Need For Energy Management:
“As one unit saved is equivalent to two units generated due to various losses”, And as the consumption of electrical energy is a universally accepted indicator of progress in agriculture, industrial and commercial sectors, So the energy need to be managed efficiently so that energy shortages can be overcome. There is an urgence of energy conservation because the demand for power has been outstripping the growth of availability. And the India’s power sector is plagued by capacity shortages, resulting in frequent black outs, poor reliability and deteriorating physical and financial conditions.
ENERGY SAVING IN TRANSFORMERS:
Thoughtful selection of transformers can greatly reduce electricity consumption. Small efficiency improvements are very effective. Typical efficiencies range from 95% to 99% ; a 1% improvement can reduce waste by one-half , When selecting transformers, consider the load factor; with high load variation, transformers are mostly lightly loaded, and should be selected for low core losses. with higher load factor, transformers with low winding losses save more. It is estimated that present energy wastage on account of transformer no load loss in India is about 4billion Kwh per year. Such a loss is equivalent to the generation capacity of a large power plant. So there is a need of a Energy Efficient Transformer which will have reduced no load loss.
Energy Efficient Transformer:
Reduction of no load loss depends on reduction of Hysterisis loss and Eddycurrent loss . By using the CRGO steel and silicon steel hysterisis and eddycurrent losses are reduced respectively.Eventhough In order to achieve significant improvement in efficiency , Amorphous Metal is used to make the transformer cores. Amorphous metal exhibits a unique random molecular structure unlike rigid grain structure of silicon steel ,which enables easy magnetization and demagnetization, thereby reducing hysterisis loss. Further processing of Amorphous metal in very thin laminations enables significant reduction in eddycurrent losses.
Comparing with typical silicon steel transformer cores the no load loss reduction in AMDT cores will be about from 70% to 80%. And it is estimated that 2.5 million silicon steel core transformers of Indian distribution system currently in operation if were replaced with AMDT’S about 3.0 billion kwh energy would be saved annually which is equal to financial impact of Rs.1080 crores.
SAVING ENERGY WITH ELECTRIC RESISTANCE HEATING:
Electric resistance heating converts nearly 100% of the energy in the electricity to heat. However, most electricity is produced from oil, gas, or coal generators that convert only about 30% of the fuel's energy into electricity. Electric resistance heat can be supplied by centralized forced-air furnaces or by zonal heaters in each room, both of which can be composed of a variety of heater types. Zonal heaters distribute electric resistance heat more efficiently than electric furnaces because you set room temperatures according to occupancy. In addition, zonal heaters have no ducts that can lose heat before it reaches the room.
CONCLUSION :
As every sector is worst hit by power shortage and as energy conservation is the only solution to the power crisis this paper has tried to throw light on some of the methods of energy saving and they are as follows..
• In Motors by employing higher efficient geared motors.
• In Transformers by using AMDT core as transformer core.
• By employing Zone heating in Electric Resistance Heating .
• Loss reduction by capacitor controls.
• Compact fluorescent bulbs to replace Incandescent bulbs.