19-09-2014, 11:57 AM
ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM WIND MILL
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1 INTRODUCTION
Renewable Energy Sources are those energy sources which are not destroyed when their energy is harnessed. Human use of renewable energy requires technologies that harness natural phenomena, such as sunlight, wind, waves, water flow, and biological processes such as anaerobic digestion, biological hydrogen production and geothermal heat. Amongst the above mentioned sources of energy there has been a lot of development in the technology for harnessing energy from the wind. Wind is the motion of air masses produced by the irregular heating of the earth’s surface by sun. These differences consequently create forces that push air masses around for balancing the global temperature or, on a much smaller scale, the temperature between land and sea or between mountains. Wind energy is not a constant source of energy. It varies continuously and gives energy in sudden bursts. About 50% of the entire energy is given out in just 15% of the operating time. Wind strengths vary and thus cannot guarantee continuous power. It is best used in the context of a system that has significant reserve capacity such as hydro, or reserve load, such as a desalination plant, to mitigate the economic effects of resource variability. For several decades now the wind energy industry has focused on the generation of electricity from large wind turbines located in exposed locations with high mean wind speeds, such as hill tops and coastal waters. In recent years an increasing number of manufacturers have produced small turbines suitable for use by individual householders or small businesses. They can be mounted on roof-tops or free-standing poles and are usually connected to the user's distribution board.
A wind generator is a device that generates electrical power from wind energy. Wind generators have traditionally been wind turbines, i.e. a propeller attached to an electric generator attached to appropriate electronics to attach it to the electrical grid or to charge batteries. Wind turbines can be separated into two types based by the axis in which the turbine rotates. Turbines that rotate around a horizontal axis are more common. Vertical-axis turbines are less frequently used Horizontal-axis wind turbines have the main rotor shaft and electrical generator at the top of a tower, and must be pointed into the wind. Most have a gearbox, which turns the slow rotation of the blades into a quicker rotation that is more suitable to drive an electrical generator. Vertical-axis wind turbines have the main rotor shaft arranged vertically. Key advantages of this arrangement are that the turbine does not need to be pointed into the wind to be effective. This is an advantage on sites where the wind direction is highly variable. Vertical-axis wind turbines can utilize winds from varying directions.
2 DESCRIPTION
The main aim of this project is to generate the electricity from wind energy. This project contains dynamo, belt, tower, Fan and led’s for indicating the generation of electricity. The fan is connected at the top of tower which is further connected to the dynamo through a belt. The led’s connected to the dynamo through an electronic circuit. When a wind strikes on the fan its starts rotating which rotates the dynamo shaft through a belt. The dynamo converts the rotational energy into electrical energy. Electricity generated by dynamo can be stored in a battery. This is indicating by led’s connected to the dynamo. With the generation of the electricity the led’s starts glowing. And its intensity will vary according to the speed of wind.
1.3 HISTORY
The windwheel of the Greek engineer Heron of Alexandria in the 1st century marks one of the first known instances of wind powering a machine in history. Another early example of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel, which was used in ancient Tibet and China since the 5th or 7th century AD, according to different scholars
1 INTRODUCTION
The crankshaft, sometimes abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine that translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation. To convert the reciprocating motion into rotation, the crankshaft has "crank throws" or "crankpins", additional bearing surfaces whose axis is offset from that of the crank, to which the "big ends" of the connecting rods from each cylinder attach.
It is typically connected to a flywheel to reduce the pulsation characteristic of the four-stroke cycle, and sometimes a torsional or vibrational damper at the opposite end, to reduce the torsional vibrations often caused along the length of the crankshaft by the cylinders farthest from the output end acting on the torsional elasticity of the metal
The configuration and number of pistons in relation to each other and the crank leads to straight, V or flat engines. The same basic engine block can be used with different crankshafts, however, to alter the firing order; for instance, the 90° V6 engine configuration, in older days sometimes derived by using six cylinders of a V8 engine with what is basically a shortened version of the V8 crankshaft, produces an engine with an inherent pulsation in the power flow due to the "missing" two cylinders. The same engine, however, can be made to provide evenly spaced power pulses by using a crankshaft with an individual crank throw for each cylinder, spaced so that the pistons are actually phased 120° apart.
CONCLUSION
There are two classes of windmill turbines, horizontal-axis machines and vertical-axis machines. There is one more windmill blade that has a principle of an airplane wing to make rotation. They are driven by wind simply striking the blades. An example of horizontal-axis is machines that are multi-bladed windmills of the India Prairies. They are primarily used for pumping water, modern two-three blade lift devices like huge airplane propellers. These devices have rotors of 90m (295 ft) or more in diameter. The propellers can be 5 to 6 times the winds velocity. The Oasis 3 is one of the only windmills out today. It has 24 10-inch blade that are hooked to a hub. It has a maximum speed of 100 RPM.