03-04-2012, 12:49 PM
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
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UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS 9
Definition and Classification – Overview of Processors and hardware units in an
embedded system – Software embedded into the system – Exemplary Embedded
Systems – Embedded Systems on a Chip (SoC) and the use of VLSI designed circuits.
UNIT II DEVICES AND BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK 9
I/O Devices - Device I/O Types and Examples – Synchronous - Iso-synchronous and
Asynchronous Communications from Serial Devices - Examples of Internal Serial-Communication
Devices - UART and HDLC - Parallel Port Devices - Sophisticated interfacing features in
Devices/Ports- Timer and Counting Devices - ‗12C‘, ‗USB‘, ‗CAN‘ and advanced I/O Serial high
speed buses- ISA, PCI, PCI-X, cPCI and advanced buses.
UNIT III PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS AND EMBEDDED PROGRAMMING IN C, C++ 9
Programming in assembly language (ALP) vs. High Level Language - C Program
Elements, Macros and functions -Use of Pointers - NULL Pointers - Use of Function Calls
– Multiple function calls in a Cyclic Order in the Main Function Pointers – Function
Queues and Interrupt Service Routines Queues Pointers – Concepts of EMBEDDED
PROGRAMMING in C++ - Objected Oriented Programming – Embedded Programming in
C++, ‘C’ Program compilers – Cross compiler – Optimization of memory codes.
UNIT IV REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS – PART - 1 9
Definitions of process, tasks and threads – Clear cut distinction between functions – ISRs
and tasks by their characteristics – Operating System Services- Goals – Structures-
Kernel - Process Management – Memory Management – Device Management – File
System Organisation and Implementation – I/O Subsystems – Interrupt Routines
Handling in RTOS, REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS : RTOS Task scheduling models
- Handling of task scheduling and latency and deadlines as performance metrics – Cooperative
Round Robin Scheduling – Cyclic Scheduling with Time Slicing (Rate
Monotonics Co-operative Scheduling) – Preemptive Scheduling Model strategy by a
Scheduler – Critical Section Service by a Preemptive Scheduler – Fixed (Static) Real time
scheduling of tasks - INTER PROCESS COMMUNICATION AND SYNCHRONISATION –
Shared data problem – Use of Semaphore(s) – Priority Inversion Problem and Deadlock
Situations – Inter Process Communications using Signals – Semaphore Flag or mutex as
Resource key – Message Queues – Mailboxes – Pipes – Virtual (Logical) Sockets –
Remote Procedure Calls (RPCs).
UNIT V REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEMS – PART - 2 9
Study of Micro C/OS-II or Vx Works or Any other popular RTOS – RTOS System Level
Functions – Task Service Functions – Time Delay Functions – Memory Allocation Related
Functions – Semaphore Related Functions – Mailbox Related Functions – Queue Related
Functions – Case Studies of Programming with RTOS – Understanding Case Definition –
Multiple Tasks and their functions – Creating a list of tasks – Functions and IPCs –
Exemplary Coding Steps.
UNIT I
INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Definition and Classification
An embedded system is a systemthat has software embedded intocomputer-hardware,
which makes asystem dedicated for an application (s)or specific part of an application orproduct or
part of a larger system.
An embedded system is one thathas dedicated purpose softwareembedded in
computerhardware.
It is a dedicated computerbased system for anapplication(s) or product. It maybe an
independent system or apart of large system. Itssoftware usually embeds into aROM (Read Only
Memory) orflash.
―It is any device that includes aprogrammable computer but isnot itself intended to be
ageneral purpose computer.‖ –Wayne Wolf, Ref: 61
―Systems are theelectronic systems that contain amicroprocessor or amicrocontroller, but
we do notthink of them as computers– thecomputer is hidden or embedded inthe system.‖ – Todd
D. Morton,Ref: 38